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discussing how redaction will protect privacy, the feelings and sensibilities of loved ones, and minimize the "painful conflict" of "profiting from the sale of materials that identify and discuss the injuries" of victims
Summary of this case from U.S. v. KaczynskiOpinion
No. 2:96-CR-0259-GEB.
August 10, 2006.
Ana Maria Martel, Robert Steven Lapham, United States Attorney, Sacramento, CA, for Plaintiff.
ORDER
After convicted Unabomber Theodore John Kaczynski pled guilty "to a series of coldly calculated bombings that resulted in the loss of innocent life and numerous life-altering injuries," Kaczynski moved for return of his property that was "seized pursuant to a search of his Montana cabin in 1996. . . ." United States v. Kaczynski, 416 F.3d 971, 972 (9th Cir. 2005). His motion was denied partly because of a ruling that a $15,026,000 restitution order, which had been entered in favor of certain victims and their families ("Named Victims") but had not yet been satisfied, constituted a lien on the property that defeated his motion. United States v. Kaczynski, 306 F. Supp. 2d 952, 955-56 (E.D. Cal. 2004).
The Named Victims are those victims and their family members who submitted claims for restitution at the time of Kaczynski's sentencing.
On appeal, the Ninth Circuit stated that the restitution order in favor of the Named Victims "gives the government a cognizable claim of ownership" that "defeat[s] [the] motion for return of property [only] `if that property is needed to satisfy the terms of the restitution order.'"Kaczvnski, 416 F.3d at 974 (quotingUnited States v. Mills, 991 F.2d 609, 612 (9th Cir. 1993)). Since the government asserted the property had only "negligible value," the Ninth Circuit concluded the government had not shown that the property was needed to satisfy the restitution order.Id. at 975. The Ninth Circuit stated that "[i]n the probable event" the property has more than negligible value, "the government has a cognizable claim of ownership sufficient to defeat [the] motion for its return" and "has some degree of discretion as to how to enforce the restitution lien."Id. at 976. But the Ninth Circuit found "neither [the government's] actions . . . nor its . . . proposed restitution plan . . . [were designed to obtain restitution for the Named Victims in a] reasonable [manner]." Id. Therefore, the Ninth Circuit remanded the return of property motion "to the district court . . . to give a timely and adequate opportunity for the government to present . . . a commercially reasonable plan to dispose of the property at issue, the principal purpose of which shall be to maximize monetary return to the [Named Victims]." Id. at 977. The Ninth Circuit stated that "[i]f the government fails or refuses to provide such a plan within a reasonable period of time, or if its plan includes a finding of negligible value or results in a nominal, taxpayer-funded contribution to victim restitution, then the district court is directed to return Kaczynski's property to him." Id.
The Ninth Circuit also stated that Kaczynski, and the Named Victims through appointed pro bono amicus counsel, were to be provided an opportunity to "comment upon" the plan proposed by the government. Id. The Ninth Circuit observed that the "viewpoints and desires" of the Named Victims were "missing throughout this litigation" and should be obtained since the "very purpose" of the restitution order "is to provide financial compensation for their great losses." Id.
Upon remand, the government proposed a plan in a Status Report filed September 12, 2005, ("September 12 Plan"). However, the parties subsequently stipulated to multiple continuances of a Status Conference regarding the plan, mainly to allow time for settlement discussions. As a result, a Status Conference was not held until June 16, 2006.
The content of the September 12 Plan is described in a Pre-Status Conference Communication filed August 4, 2006.
Before the Status Conference, the government filed an Amended Status Report that provided more information about the September 12 Plan. (See Pre-Status Conference Communication, filed Aug. 4, 2006, at 4-6.)
At the Status Conference, I questioned whether the September 12 Plan comported with the Ninth Circuit remand decision. The government responded that "the reason [it] ha[d] not proposed a detailed plan . . . [was] because [it] d[id] know exactly what . . . [it was] to sell." (Reporter's Tr. of June 16 Status Conf. ("RT") at 14.) The government asserted it "need[ed] direction from the victims" since "the purpose of the restitution order . . . is to bring benefit to the victims." (Id. at 14.) Counsel for the Named Victims then "suggest[ed] . . . a fairly short deadline [be set] to come up with [the] kind of detailed proposal that would satisfy the [Ninth Circuit remand decision]." (Id. at 17.) The government agreed, Kaczynski's counsel acquiesced, and the government was given a deadline to file a document that proposed a plan consistent with the remand decision and explained why such a plan should be found timely submitted. (Id. at 22.) Kaczynski and the Named Victims were given an opportunity to respond to the proposal. (Id. at 23-24.)
Even though the remand decision only concerned the seized property already in the government's possession, the September 12 Plan appeared to contemplate taking any necessary action to gather all of Kaczynski's writings from wherever they could be located.
On July 7, 2006, the government submitted another Status Report, in which it proposed a markedly different plan ("July 7 Plan"). In the Status Report, the government asserted the July 7 Plan was timely because the government could not submit a more concrete plan "until [it] knew precisely what the Named Victims wanted to do and how the costs of the sale would be handled." (Gov't Status Report, filed July 7, 2006, at 5.) In addition, the government explained that some delay was attributable to settlement negotiations, which "the parties [explored] for several months." (Id. at 6.)
Kaczynski's counsel made a similar representation about the length of settlement negotiations at the Status Conference on June 16, 2006. (RT at 19.)
The July 7 Plan proposed to sell Kaczynski's property in a modified "federal judicial execution sale," which would involve the United States Marshal "contract[ing] with an entity . . . [to] sell the property through an internet auction." (Id. at 2.) The government explained "the Marshal [would] request three bid proposals from companies which conduct internet auctions." (Id.) The company selected by the Marshal would "publicize the items to be sold and the terms of the auction," and would be "paid a percentage of the sales proceeds, not to exceed 10%, to cover . . . costs." (Id.) The government represented that the Marshal "can request bid proposals and negotiate a final contract [for the auction] within sixty days" of receiving court approval. (Id.)
The Marshal "request[ed] that he not take possession of the property to be sold nor be ordered to spend any funds in connection with the sale of the items," and that the Court approve a waiver of his "statutory commission." (Gov't Status Report, filed July 7, 2006, at 2.) These requests are addressed in a separate order authorizing the Marshal to assist in the approved sale.
In the July 7 Plan, the government divided the property at issue into four categories — personal items, firearms, bomb-making materials, and writings — and specifically identified the items of property in each category. (Id. at 3-4.) The government proposed auctioning all of the personal items, and stated the Named Victims "intend to credit bid for any personal items . . . which do not sell," i.e. the Named Victims would bid on and purchase property by applying Kaczynski's restitutory debt toward the purchase price. (Id. at 3.) The government asserted the firearms and bomb-making materials should not be included in the auction nor returned to Kaczynski. (Id. at 3-4.) The government proposed auctioning all of the writings except those containing "diagrams and `recipes' for making bombs." (Id. at 4.) Further, the government, on behalf of the Named Victims, requested that certain information be redacted from the writings prior to the auction, specifically, the names of "all victims, regardless of whether they filed a restitution claim or not," "the names of their families," all "recognizable descriptions of the victims and their injuries," and the names of "intended victims." (Id.) Accordingly, the government's proposed auction only included the personal items and select, redacted writings.
Lists of the specific items of property identified by the government as being personal items, firearms, and bomb-making materials are attached to this Order.
"The Named Victims have indicated that they are willing to spend up to $7,000 to cover the costs of sale, including any commissions due the auctioneer." (Gov't Status Report, July 31, 2006, at 3.)
The government stated that all property not specifically identified as personal items, writings, firearms, and bomb-making materials would be returned to Kaczynski. (Gov't Status Report, filed July 7, 2006, at 3.)
On July 7, the Named Victims filed a document that expressed approval for the July 7 Plan, argued the proposed plan was timely, and emphasized the need to redact the writings "to protect the[ir] . . . privacy as well as the feelings and sensibilities of their loved ones." (Named Victims' Statement Concerning Auction of Def.'s Property, filed July 7, 2006, at 2.)
In a separate statement, Victim Gary Wright objected to the auction unless he receives "ownership and possession" of the unredacted, original writings that refer to him and his injuries; however, he did not object to the sale of redacted copies at the auction. (Named Victims' Statement Concerning Auction of Def.'s Property, filed July 7, 2006, at 5.)
On July 21, 2006, Kaczynski filed objections to the July 7 Plan, in which he argued "the government has not submitted a sufficient plan `in a reasonable amount of time.'" (Kaczynski's Objections, filed July 21, 2006, at 2.) Specifically, Kaczynski argued the victims should not be permitted to credit bid on any of his personal items that do not sell at the auction because "[a]ny property that does not sell . . . by definition is of minimal or no value" and "must be returned to [him]." (Id. at 4.) He also asserted his firearms should be returned to him if the government does not intend to sell the items at the auction. (Id. at 2.) He further argued "the government should be required to show" that the items the government asserts are bomb-making materials "constitute contraband per se," that is, items "`the mere possession of which is unlawful'"; otherwise, [the government] should return the property to [him]." (Id. at 3 (quoting United States v. Felici, 208 F.3d 667, 670 (8th Cir. 2000)).) Finally, Kaczynski asserted his original writings should be returned to him because an auction of the originals would violate the First Amendment. (Id. at 5.) Kaczynski alternatively asserted that if the auction included his original writings, the First Amendment prohibits redactions of the originals, and he should receive unredacted copies. (Id. at 8-10.)
A Status Conference was held on July 28, 2006, at which Kaczynski's counsel stated that Kaczynski did not oppose the July 7 Plan on timeliness grounds but that he did challenge its adequacy. The government's oral argument included proposals and issues that were not contained in the July 7 Plan; the government stated it would file an amended plan to include these new items. Counsel for the Named Victims joined in the government's positions and emphasized that the Named Victims were "very concerned about the idea of any sale that would not include the writings," stating "the writings . . . clearly possess the bulk of the value for the victims."
On July 31, 2006, the government filed a Status Report containing an amended plan that includes those items discussed at the July 28 Status Conference ("July 31 Plan"). The July 31 Plan proposes that the "firearms will be turned over . . . to the Named Victims and [Kaczynski] will be credited three hundred [dollars] ($300.00) towards his restitution debt." (Gov't Status Report, filed July 31, 2006, at 4.) The government states "the value being credited to [Kaczynski] for the firearms is twice the value that the Defendant stated his weapons were worth in his Rule 41 motion." (Id.) The government also asserts "the Named Victims, who will receive the proceeds from [an] auction, request that no bomb-making materials be sold." (Id.) The government contends Kaczynski told the Ninth Circuit he was not seeking the return of said items and that "prison regulations prohibit Kaczynski from possessing these items." (Id.)
Kaczynski filed a response to the July 31 Plan on August 1, 2006. In his response, Kaczynski argues the Named Victims should not be allowed to "credit the restitution order for the value of the firearms" and asserts that "if the firearms are not sold and the proceeds given to the [Named Victims,] the firearms must be returned to him through a designated representative." (Kaczynski's Response, Aug. 1, 2006, at 1.) Kaczynski also contends he is entitled to the return of any unsold property, including those items categorized by the government as bomb-making materials, unless those materials "constitute `per se contraband.'" (Id. at 2.)
On August 4, 2006, the government filed a supplemental document regarding the bomb-making materials, to which it attached detailed descriptions and photographs of the items. (Gov't Status Report, filed August 4, 2006, Attach. 1-3.)
On August 9, 2006, the Named Victims filed a supplemental document that asserts redaction of the original writings is necessary not only to protect their privacy, but also to avoid the "painful conflict" of "profiting from the sale of materials that identify and discuss the injuries of specific, named individuals. . . ." (Victims' Supplemental Submission, filed August 9, 2006, at 2.)
DISCUSSION
At issue is whether the July 31 Plan satisfies the Ninth Circuit remand directive that the government "propose a detailed, written plan to dispose of the property in question in a commercially reasonable manner calculated to maximize the monetary return to [the Named Victims]." Kaczynski, 416 F.3d at 972. In the July 31 Plan, the government describes how its proposed internet auction would be effectuated and how the auction would likely "afford greater exposure of the items for the greatest possible value." (Gov't Status Report, filed July 31, 2006, Ex. A; id. at 2 (stating that an internet sale, as opposed to a courthouse sale, "may increase the amounts bid for the sale items" because the internet sale would have "a longer period of exposure and bidding").) Since the government has described the proposed internet auction in sufficient detail, and shown that the auction is calculated to maximize monetary return to the Named Victims, that portion of the July 31 Plan is approved. See Kaczynski, 416 F.3d at 972. A discussion of the items that may be included in the approved internet auction follows.I. Proposal as to Personal Items
The July 31 plan proposes to sell all of Kaczynski's personal items and asserts that the sale of these items is "likely to bring net proceeds to the Named Victims . . . [i.e.] the sales price . . . will exceed the costs of sale." (Gov't Status Report, filed July 31, 2006, at 3.) Kaczynski does not challenge the sale of his personal items, but he does object to credit bidding by the Named Victims on any unsold items. Specifically, Kaczynski contends credit bidding does not comport with the Ninth Circuit remand decision because "any property that does not sell at an auction by definition is of minimal or no value," and "must be returned to [him]." (Kaczynski's Objections, filed July 21, 2006, at 4.) This argument is purely speculative and does not account for the possibility that the property may have some value to the Named Victims. If their credit bids assign more than "negligible value" to the property, then the "property is needed to satisfy the terms of the restitution order." Kaczynski, 416 F.3d at 976 (indicating that property having more than "negligible value" can be used to reduce the amount of restitution a defendant owes a victim).
Kaczynski also argues the Ninth Circuit remand decision prevents credit bidding because it will not result in monetary return to the Named Victims. Although the remand decision indicated the "principal purpose" of the government's plan should be "to maximize monetary return," the Ninth Circuit also stated that "the viewpoints and desires" of the Named Victims were "missing throughout this litigation" and indicated that their desires should be taken into consideration. Id. at 977. The government represents the Named Victims have expressed a desire to credit bid on any property that does not sell during the internet auction.
The remand decision states that "the government has some degree of discretion as to how to enforce the restitution lien," and indicates that an "order of restitution may be enforced `by all . . . available and reasonable means.'" Id. at 976 (quoting 18 U.S.C. § 3664(m)(1)(A)(ii)) (emphasis added). Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 69(a), which governs enforcement of a judgment for the payment of money, states that the procedures used to enforce a judgment "shall be in accordance with the practice and procedure of the state in which the district court is held. . . ." In California, a judgment creditor may credit bid on property subject to a judgment lien. Cal. Code Civ. P. § 701.590(b). Therefore, credit bidding is an "available . . . means" of executing the unsatisfied restitution order in favor of the Named Victims.Kaczynski, 416 F.3d at 976.
Accordingly, the proposals in the July 31 Plan to sell the personal items in the internet auction and to allow the Named Victims to credit bid on unsold personal items are approved.
II. Proposal as to Firearms
The July 31 Plan proposes that the firearms be "turned over" to the Named Victims "and th[at] [Kaczynski] . . . be credit[ed] three hundred [dollars] ($300.00) towards his restitution debt." (Gov't Status Report, filed July 31, 2006, at 4.) Kaczynski does not challenge this amount of credit, but argues "crediting" the restitution order for the value of the firearms would be "inconsistent" with the Ninth Circuit remand decision. (Kaczynski's Objections, filed August 1, 2006, at 1-2.)
The record does not indicate three hundred dollars of credit for the firearms constitutes negligible value. Consequently, crediting Kaczynski this amount would not inconsistent with the Ninth Circuit remand decision. See Kaczynski, 416 F.3d at 976 (indicating property having more than "negligible value" can be used to reduce the amount of restitution a defendant owes a victim). Therefore, the proposal in the July 31 Plan to sell the firearms to the named Victims for three hundred dollars credit is approved.
III. Proposal as to Bomb-Making Materials
The July 31 Plan states "[t]he Named Victims . . . request that no bomb-making materials be sold," and proposes to "appropriately dispose" of all the bomb-making materials described on an attached list. (Gov't Status Report, filed July 31, 2006, at 4; id. Ex. D.) Kaczynski argues he "does not believe the items on the list are bomb-making materials," and asserts all of the items must be either sold at the auction or returned to him unless "they constitute `per se contraband.'" (Kaczynski's Response, Aug. 1, 2006, at 2.) The government rejoins that Kaczynski "represented to [the Ninth Circuit] that he was not seeking the return of [these] items," and also asserts the bomb-making materials cannot be returned to Kaczynski because "prison regulations prohibit [him] from possessing [them]." (Gov't Status Report, filed July 31, 2006, at 4.)
The remand decision states "Kaczynski does not seek the return of any property that constitutes contraband." Kaczynski, 416 F.3d at 974, n. 4. Kaczynski argues the term "contraband" does not include all items the government characterizes as bomb-making materials because many of the items could be used for "legitimate, lawful purposes." (Kaczynski's Response, Aug. 1, 2006, at 2.) However, even if Kaczynski is correct on this point, the property may not be returned to him unless he establishes that he may lawfully possess the items while in prison. United States v. Van Cauwenberghe, 827 F.2d 424, 433 (9th Cir. 1987) (stating that "[t]o prevail on a Rule 41[(g)] motion, a criminal defendant must demonstrate that . . . he is entitled to lawful possession of the seized property").
Federal prison regulations prohibit Kaczynski from possessing any "material prohibited by law, or by regulation, or material which can reasonably be expected to cause physical injury or adversely affect the security, safety, or good order of the institution." 28 C.F.R. § 500.1(h). The Bureau of Prisons has interpreted this prohibition to include explosives, combustible or flammable liquids, hazardous or poisonous chemicals, and material which "present[s] a health, fire, or housekeeping hazard." Federal Bureau of Prisons, U.S. Dep't of Justice, Program Statement No. P5580.07 § 9 (Dec. 28, 2005). The government's list of bomb-making materials clearly contains items Kaczynski is prohibited from possessing in prison, e.g. an "improvised explosive device," a "pipe bomb," several plastic containers containing "acid," and numerous containers of various chemical compounds. Kaczynski has not shown he is entitled to lawfully possess any of the items identified by the government as bomb-making materials. See Van Cauwenberghe, 827 F.2d at 434 ("Absent a showing that the individual requesting return of property under Rule 41[(g)] is entitled to its lawful possession, the property may not be released to him."). Therefore, the proposals in the July 31 Plan to exclude the bomb-making materials from the sale and to not return the property to Kaczynski are approved.
As of August 4, 2006, this document could be accessed at: http://www.bop.gov/DataSource/execute/dsPolicyLoc.
IV. Proposal as to Writings
The July 31 Plan states the Named Victims request that "the diagrams and `recipes' for making bombs be excluded from the sale and not be returned to [Kaczynski]," and that all of the remaining original writings be sold in redacted form. (Gov't Status Report, filed July 31, 2006, at 5.) Kaczynski contends the sale of his original documents would violate the First Amendment, even though he already has or will receive copies of all of his writings, because an "original is always better than a copy" and has "intrinsic historical and scholarly value that photocopies lack." (Kaczynski's Objections, filed July 21, 2006, at 4-7.) However, Kaczynski has not demonstrated what protected speech is contained in the originals that is not contained in the copies, or how a sale of the originals, when he possesses copies, implicates the First Amendment. See Clark v. Community for Creative Non-Violence, 468 U.S. 288, 293-94 n. 5 (1984) ("[I]t is the obligation of the person desiring to engage in assertedly expressive conduct to demonstrate that the First Amendment even applies. To hold otherwise would be to create a rule that all conduct is presumptively expressive."). Therefore, the proposal to sell the original writings is approved.
Although the government states it has provided Kaczynski with copies of all of his writings, Kaczynski asserts that he is missing some pages and that others are illegible. The government shall provide Kaczynski, though his designated recipient, with any page Kaczynski has not already received in readable form. (See Kaczynski's Mot. for Return of Property at 52 (requesting that all photocopies to be returned to a designated recipient).)
Kaczynski also argues "regardless of whether the government may sell Kaczynski's original papers, the restitution lien does not take away [his] literary rights to his papers." (Kaczynski's July 21 Objections at 12.) The July 31 Plan only addresses the sale of the physical documents.
Kaczynski alternatively argues that if the original writings are included in the auction, the First Amendment prohibits the government from redacting any information from the documents. (Kaczynski's Objections, filed July 21, 2006, at 8-10.) Again, Kaczynski fails to explain how alterations of the original physical documents, when he possesses exact copies, impairs his ability to communicate his ideas or otherwise violates the First Amendment. See Clark, 468 U.S. at 293-94 n. 5, 104 S.Ct. 3065 (1984).
Furthermore, the Named Victims have requested the redactions to protect their privacy and the "feelings and sensibilities of their loved ones," as well as to avoid the "painful conflict" of "profiting from the sale of materials that identify and discuss the injuries of specific, named individuals. . . ." (Victims' Statement, filed July 28, 2006, at 2; Victims' Supplemental Submission, filed August 9, 2006, at 2.) The Ninth Circuit remand decision indicated "we must not loose sight [of the Named Victims]" who are forced to "`suffer . . . psychological . . . hardship first as a result of the criminal act and then as a result of contact with a criminal justice system unresponsive to the[ir] real needs. . . .'" Kaczynski, 416 F.3d at 976 (quoting the Victim and Witness Protection Act, Pub.L. No. 97-291 § 2(a)(2) (1982)). The Ninth Circuit also indicated that the proposed plan should "serve the [Named Victims]" and should incorporate their "viewpoints and desires." Id. at 976-77. Therefore, the proposal to redact the names of all the victims and their families, all recognizable descriptions of the victims and their injuries, and the names of intended victims is approved.
In addition, the government's request to exclude Kaczynski's writings that contain "diagrams and `recipes' for making bombs" from the auction is approved, but its request that these original writings not be returned to Kaczynski is unsupported and contrary to the remand decision. See id. at 977. Therefore, Kaczynski's original writings containing "diagrams and `recipes' for making bombs," most, if not all of which he already has copies, shall be returned to the designated recipient identified in Kaczynski's motion. (See Kaczynski's Mot. for Return of Property at 52 (requesting that all property be returned to a designated recipient).)
CONCLUSION
For the stated reasons, the July 31 Plan is approved, except as noted above. Property in the government's possession that is not addressed in the July 31 Plan shall be returned to Kaczynski. A separate order will issue authorizing the United States Marshal to assist the government in organizing the sale.IT IS SO ORDERED.
PERSONAL ITEMS
Tools Clothing Personal Belongings Books
1. File (Page 2) 2. File with Red Handle (Page 2) 3. Metal Files (Page 2) 4. Pliers/vise grip (Page 12) 5. Hatchet (Page 12) 6. Knife (Page 13) 7. Pocket knife (Page 14) 8. Three tools (Page 15) 9. Tools (Page 15) 10. Small ratchet, tweezers and a pocket knife (Page 15) 11. One wood handled knife (Page 17) 12. Tools (Page 18) 13. Hand tools (Page 19) 14. Two spades/hand shovels (Page 19) 15. Tool made with rebar (Page 19) 16. Wooden handled hammer (Page 20) 17. Saw blades (Page 20) 18. Long bladed black handled knife (Page 20) 19. Saw (handsaw) (Page 20) 20. Wooden measuring instrument (Page 20) 21. Tool box (Page 20) 22. Radio Sonde — measures temp., humidity, etc. (Page 20) 23. Welding mask (Page 23) 24. Bow strings and arrows in a quiver (Page 23) 25. Hand saw (Page 27) 26. Wooden handled pocket knife (Page 28) 27. Pick/Hatchet Tool (Page 28) 28. Knife (Page 28) 29. Hunting knife (Page 28) 30. Wood handled file (Page 28) 31. Seven large drill bits (Page 28) 32. Great Neck #50 hacksaw (Page 28) 33. One drilling base (Page 28) 34. Hand saw (Page 28) 35. Hand bowed wood saw (Page 30) 36. Arrows (Page 32) 37. 12 saw blades (Page 32) 38. Magnet (Page 34) 39. Hand drill (Page 34) 40. Metal files (Page 38) 41. Grinding wheels (Page 38) 42. Hack saw blade (Page 38) 43. Pliers (Page 46) 44. Two axes (Page 53) 45. Forging pliers (Page 56) 46. Red colored vice (Page 57) 47. Clamp (Page 57) 48. Three pairs of scissors (Page 18) 1. Gloves (Page 1) 2. Gloves (Page 2) 3. Green coat (Page 3) 4. Blue scarf (Page 6) 5. Scarf (turquoise and green) (Page 6) 6. Shoes — with double sole of different sizes (Page 13) 7. Brown sweater (Page 13) 8. Hat, brown bag, camouflage jacket, green pants and canvas jacket (Page 13) 9. Poncho (Page 13). 10. Brown rain coat (Page 13) 11. Canvas green/brown face mask and black canvas face mask (Page 14) 12. Red hat (Page 17) 13. Green canvas U.S. Army backpack (Page 17) 14. Blue zippered sweatshirt (Page 18) 15. Blue hood and old towel (Page 18) 16. Two pair of plastic glasses (Page 18) 17. Blue jacket (Page 18) 18. Green hooded jacket (Page 18) 19. Northwest Territory hiking shoes (Page 21) 20. Tan duffel bag 21. Two duffel bags (Page 23) 22. Black jacket (Page 23) 23. (5) Pairs of Glasses (Page 59) 24. Three mittens and two boots (Page 3) 1. Typewriter and brown case (Page 1) 2. Typewriter (Page 21) 3. Typewriter with gray case (Page 24) 4. Recorder case (Page 1) 5. Black watch (Page 5) 6. Watch (Page 5) 7. Red "Le Watch" Brand Watch (Page 29) 8. Montana driver's license (Page 5) 9. Two books of checks in the name of Theodore J. Kazcynski (Page 6) 10. Samsonite briefcase containing University of Michigan Degrees (Page 24) 11. Yearbooks (Page 24) 12. Leather portfolio (Page 12) 13. Traveling kit (Page 5) 14. Radio and map of Lincoln, MT., area (Page 14) 15. Homemade calendar (Page 15) 16. Backpack frame containing misc. pipes and cordage (Page 21) 17. One "Hanson, Model 1509" scale (Page 25) 18. Medallion (Page 57) 19. Scabbard (Page 60) 1884 Revisited (K2040-5) 201 Russian Verbs (K964-42) 3 Rivers North telephone book (K963-38) A Finnish Grammar (K963-11) Abundance for What? 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