Opinion
No. CA 81-23.
Opinion delivered April 29, 1981 [Rehearing denied June 3, 1981.]
1. WORKERS' COMPENSATION — DEATH BENEFITS, PERSONS ENTITLED TO. — Under Ark. Stat. Ann. 81-1315(c) (Repl. 1976), death benefits are payable to persons who are wholly and actually dependent upon the deceased employee. 2. WORKERS' COMPENSATION — "WHOLLY AND ACTUALLY DEPENDENT," — CONSTRUCTION OF — LEGISLATIVE INTENT. — The Arkansas Supreme Court has held that the Legislature used the term "wholly dependent" in the Workers' Compensation Law in the sense of applying to those ordinarily recognized in law as dependents, and that this would include wife and children; and following the amendment of the statute to include the words "and actually" the Court has held that a child to whom a parent owed a duty of support, and who had a reasonable expectation of support, was "wholly and actually" dependent upon that parent, even though the parent had not contributed to the child's support. 3. WORKERS' COMPENSATION — ENTITLEMENT TO DEATH BENEFITS — SHOWING OF ACTUAL DEPENDENCY REQUIRED. — In Ark. Stat. Ann. 81-1315(c) (Repl. 1977), which provides that death benefits are payable to persons who are wholly and actually dependent upon the deceased employee, the Legislature intended, by inserting the phrase "and actually", to change the conclusive presumption of dependency established under prior case law and require some showing of actual dependency. 4. WORKERS' COMPENSATION — DEATH BENEFITS FOR WIFE AND CHILD NOT LIVING WITH DECEDENT AT TIME OF DEATH — TOTAL DEPENDENCY NOT REQUIRED. — In a workers' compensation case, when the widow and the child, as in the instant case, are not living with the employee at the time of his death, there must be showing of actual dependency. Held: The term "actually dependent" does not require total dependency; and where the deceased employee was voluntarily contributing $100 a month to the support of his minor son, who resided with decedent's estranged wife, and was also carrying insurance on him, the determination by the full Commission that the son is entitled to receive maximum dependency benefits is supported by substantial evidence.
Appeal from Arkansas Workers' Compensation Commission; affirmed.
Chester C. Lowe, Jr., for appellants.
Jesse B. Daggett, for appellee.
This is an appeal from a determination by the Workers' Compensation Commission that at the time of decedent's death, his minor son was entitled to receive maximum dependency benefits. At the hearing before the Administrative Law Judge, it was stipulated that the decedent was an employee of the appellant and that his death arose out of and in the course of his employment.
It is not disputed that the decedent and his wife were separated at the time of death. The testimony indicated that decedent and claimant saw each other several times a week and that he did provide approximately $100.00 per month for his child. He also carried insurance on his son through his employer. The parties were never divorced nor was there ever a court order establishing support payments.
Several recent cases have dealt with a similar problem as is presented in this case. These cases followed the amendment to Ark. Stat. Ann. 81-1315(c) (Repl. 1976). That amendment changed the statute so that it provided that death benefits were payable to persons who were "wholly and actually" dependent upon the deceased employee. Prior to the amendment benefits were payable to persons wholly dependent. In Chicago Mill and Lumber Company v. Smith, 228 Ark. 876, 310 S.W.2d 803 (1958), the Arkansas Supreme Court stated that:
We believe the Legislature used the term `wholly dependent' in the sense of applying to those ordinarily recognized in law as dependents and this would certainly include wife and children:
In the first case decided after the amendment, Roach Manufacturing Co. v. Cole, 265 Ark. 908, 582 S.W.2d 268 (1979), the Court reaffirmed its decision in Chicago Mill, supra. The Court found that although the wife had made no efforts to secure support, nor had the husband paid any support during his eleven month absence, the child still had a reasonable expectation of support. The Court found that the child was actually dependent upon the father although he had contributed no support. In the Roach case the Arkansas Supreme Court determined that the Legislature intended, by inserting the phrase "and actually", to change the conclusive presumption of dependency established under prior case law and required some showing of actual dependency. Thus, following Roach, a child to whom a parent owed a duty of support, and who had a reasonable expectation of support was "wholly and actually" dependent upon that parent.
In Doyles Concrete Finishers v. Moppin, 267 Ark. 874, 596 S.W.2d 1 (Ark.App. 1979), the Arkansas Court of Appeals dealt with a similar situation. The father was obligated under a divorce decree to pay $108.00 per month in support though the actual amount paid exceeded that sum. The sole issue in the case was whether the minor child of a deceased worker, whose death was the result of a work-related injury, was entitled to the maximum benefits under the Workers' Compensation Act as a matter of law, or entitled only to the extent to which the minor child is actually dependent upon the deceased parent.
The Court discussed Chicago Mill and Roach, supra, and determined that dependency was a matter of fact rather than law, and therefore that the partial dependency provisions of the Act applied. The Court further pointed out that Roach did not solve the problem, for the holding there
. . . affirms the Commission's award of maximum benefits to a dependent minor who was receiving nothing from the deceased parent — it did so on a finding that there was substantial evidence to support the Commission's award of maximum benefits to the minor child, who was found to be `wholly and actually' dependent upon the decedent.
The Court went on to agree that appellant's argument was logical, since Roach indicated that the partial dependency provisions must apply whenever a dependent was not totally supported by the deceased parent. The Court expressed concern that if that interpretation were adopted there would be a distinction drawn between children residing with both parents as opposed to those who were not.
The Court further stated that it could envision a situation where a minor child, regardless of his living situation, might have independent resources, and therefore might not be dependent upon the parents for purposes of the Workers' Compensation Act. The Court concluded that a minor child, receiving some support, was entitled to no less in benefits than a child (as in Roach) who was receiving nothing but who had a reasonable expectation of support. The award was affirmed on a finding of substantial evidence to support the determination by the Commission that Brad Moppin was actually dependent upon the decedent at the time of death.
The Arkansas Supreme Court granted certiorari to review the Moppin decision by the Court of Appeals. In Doyles Concrete Finishers v. Moppin, 268 Ark. 167, 594 S.W.2d 243 (1980), the Court determined that the question of dependency of a minor child was one of fact. The Court pointed out that, following the amendment of Ark. Stat. Ann. 81-1315(c), the purported dependent must be wholly and actually dependent on the decedent. The Supreme Court reviewed its holding in Roach, and stated that:
. . . when the widow and the child, as here, are not living with the employee at the time of his death, `there must be some showing of actual dependency' . . . .
The Court found that the child was "actually" dependent on the decedent because of the obligation to make support payments (and his actual payment of it plus other sums) and because of the reasonable expectation of future support. The Court then stated:
. . . Certainly, if, as in Roach, the child who received no financial support was entitled to maximum benefits, it must be said that a child, as here, who receives some financial support, should be entitled to no less than the maximum benefits. . . .
The Court then indicated that ordinarily it would remand the case to the Commission for a factual finding as to dependency but found that action unnecessary since under the facts, the Commission could have made only one finding, that the child was wholly and "actually" dependent upon the deceased. The opinion of the Court of Appeals was affirmed.
In the third case decided following the 1976 amendment, Continental Insurance Company v. Richard, 268 Ark. 671, 596 S.W.2d 332 (Ark.App. 1980), the Court dealt with a situation where the decedent regularly contributed to the support of his mentally deficient child. The Court stated:
. . . Since he did this, the test of "wholly dependent" is met with the definition in the Chicago Mill Company case, supra, which was reaffirmed by the Roach case, supra. The test of "actual" dependency has been satisfied beyond the definition of the Roach case in that Frank Richard contributed to the support of his child and the child was "actually" dependent upon his father.
Under the holding in Chicago Mill, and Roach, supra, persons who are ordinarily recognized in law as dependents, including a wife and children, and to whom the employee owes a duty of support, are "wholly dependent" under our Workers' Compensation Law.
"Actually dependent", in light of the prior cases, does not require total dependency. All that is required is a showing of actual support or a reasonable expectation of support. Roach, Moppin, and Richard, supra. Since the Commission found actual support, no more is required in this case.
That determination of fact by the Commission carries the weight of a jury verdict. Taylor v. Plastics Research and Development Corp., 245 Ark. 638, 433 S.W.2d 830 (1968). That determination is supported by substantial evidence, and therefore we must affirm. American Can Co. v. McConnell, 266 Ark. 741, 587 S.W.2d 583 (Ark.App. 1979).
Affirmed.