Summary
In Pilato v. Kapur, 22 Conn. App. 282, 285, 576 A.2d 1315, cert. granted 216 Conn. 813, 580 A.2d 59 (1990), we reversed a judgment as to the award of interest only and remanded the case to the trial court with direction to remand the matter to the attorney trial referee who heard the case for a determination of whether interest should be included as an element of damages.
Summary of this case from National Elevator Industry v. ScrivaniOpinion
(8293)
The plaintiff's breach of contract action against the defendants was referred to an attorney trial referee, who filed a report recommending judgment for the plaintiff. Because the attorney trial referee refused to award prejudgment interest, the plaintiff objected to his report. The trial court sustained the objection, determined that the amount due was liquidated and awarded prejudgment interest. On the defendant's appeal to this court, held: 1. Although the trial court acted properly in correcting the referee's erroneous legal conclusion that the amount due was not liquidated, the decision whether to award interest is within the province of the trier of fact, and that court should have remanded the matter to the referee for the application of the proper standard. 2. There was no merit to the defendants' claim that the plaintiffs objection should have been heard by the same judge who had heard an objection to an earlier report.
Argued April 10, 1990
Decision released July 10, 1990
Action to recover damages for breach of contract, brought to the Superior Court in the judicial district of Fairfield and referred to Daniel E. Brennan, Jr., attorney state trial referee, who filed a report recommending judgment for the plaintiff; thereafter, the court, Harrigan, J., corrected the referee's report and rendered judgment in accordance with the corrected report, and the defendants appealed to this court. Reversed in part.
Anthony E. Ahern, for the appellants (defendants).
Melvin J. Silverman, for the appellee (plaintiff).
The defendants appeal challenging the trial court's award of prejudgment interest on damages recovered as a result of the defendants' breach of contract. The first two claims are subsumed under the question of whether the trial court improperly assumed a role belonging to the attorney trial referee. We reverse the trial court's award of interest.
The plaintiff sued for damages on an oral contract under which he agreed to coordinate and supervise the construction of a house for the defendants. By agreement of the parties, the case was heard by an attorney trial referee, who reported to the court that judgment should enter in favor of the plaintiff for $20,672.06, plus costs. The defendants have not challenged the award of this amount by the court. Rather, the issue before this court arises from the trial court's award of prejudgment interest.
The attorney referee had refused to award interest on the ground that the "sums alleged due [the plaintiff] were not liquidated." The trial court sustained the plaintiff's objection to the attorney referee's report, determined that the amount due the plaintiff was liquidated and awarded prejudgment interest. On appeal, the defendants assert that the award of interest improperly invaded the province of the attorney referee.
Although the trial court was bound by the attorney referee's findings of facts; Wilcox Trucking, Inc. v. Mansour Builders, Inc., 20 Conn. App. 420, 423, 567 A.2d 1250 (1989); it was not bound by his conclusions of law. Rostenberg-Doern Co. v. Weiner, 17 Conn. App. 294, 299-300, 552 A.2d 827 (1989). Whether the amount involved was liquidated was a conclusion of law, and the court acted properly in correcting that portion of the report involving a misapplication of the law. See A. Secondino Sons, Inc. v. LoRicco, 19 Conn. App. 8, 10-12, 561 A.2d 142 (1989) (defining liquidated damages).
Interest, however, is an element of damages and, thus, the decision as to whether interest should be awarded is within the province of the trier of fact. Canton Motorcar Works, Inc. v. DiMartino, 6 Conn. App. 447, 464, 505 A.2d 1255, cert. denied, 200 Conn. 802, 509 A.2d 516 (1986). Here, the attorney referee, as the finder of fact, should have been allowed to determine whether interest was appropriate. It was improper for the trial court to make this determination and thus invade the factfinder's province.
When a "court finds that the [referee] has materially erred in his rulings . . . the court shall reject the report and refer the matter to the same or another [referee] for a new trial or revoke the reference and leave the case to be disposed of in court." Practice Book 443; see Wilcox Trucking, Inc. v. Mansour Builders, Inc., supra. Once the trial court corrected the attorney referee's error of law, it should have remanded the matter to the referee for the application of the proper standard. The decision to award interest is "`"`to be made in view of the demands of justice rather than through the application of any arbitrary rule'" . . . "`The real question in each case is whether the detention of the money is or is not wrongful under the circumstances.'"'" (Citation omitted.) Niles v. Niles, 15 Conn. App. 718, 721, 546 A.2d 329 (1988). The person best able to make this equitable determination is the attorney referee who heard the case and thus is most familiar with the facts. Metcalfe v. Talarski, 213 Conn. 145, 160, 567 A.2d 1148 (1989).
The defendants also claim that this objection should have been heard by the same judge who heard an objection to a prior report. This claim has absolutely no merit. Our rules of practice do not require that all motions in a particular case be heard by the same judge. See Texaco, Inc. v. Golart, 206 Conn. 454, 457-58, 538 A.2d 1017 (1988); Breen v. Phelps, 186 Conn. 86, 97-101, 439 A.2d 1066 (1982).