Summary
In People v. Motley, 69 NY2d 870 (1987), two defendants each pled guilty to attempted Promoting Prison Contraband in the First Degree in satisfaction of an indictment that charged them with the completed crime.
Summary of this case from People v. NormanOpinion
Argued February 12, 1987
Decided March 31, 1987
Appeal from the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court in the Third Judicial Department, William A. Danaher, J.
Scott J. Learned for appellants.
James T. Hayden, District Attorney, for respondent.
MEMORANDUM.
In each case, the order of the Appellate Division should be affirmed.
Each defendant pleaded guilty to attempted promoting prison contraband in the first degree in the full satisfaction of an indictment charging promoting prison contraband in the first degree and received a negotiated sentence.
"A guilty plea represents a compromise or bargain struck after negotiation between the defendant and the People. It is meant to mark the end of a criminal case, not a `gateway' to further litigation" (People v Prescott, 66 N.Y.2d 216, 219, cert denied ___ US ___, 106 S Ct 1804). Thus, a plea of guilty generally precludes appellate review of nonjurisdictional defects in the proceedings (People v Fernandez, 67 N.Y.2d 686, 688; People v Prescott, 66 N.Y.2d 216, 220, supra). Though a challenge to a jurisdictional defect in an indictment may be made notwithstanding a guilty plea, not every alleged defect is jurisdictional. As noted in People v Iannone ( 45 N.Y.2d 589, 600): "In essence, an indictment is jurisdictionally defective only if it does not effectively charge the defendant with the commission of a particular crime."
The statute defining the offense charged in each case is Penal Law § 205.25 (2), which provides: "A person is guilty of promoting prison contraband in the first degree when * * * 2. Being a person confined in a detention facility, he knowingly and unlawfully makes, obtains or possesses any dangerous contraband." The indictment in each case cites the statute by section number and alleges acts which, if proven, would have established the statutory elements of the crime.
In People v Cohen ( 52 N.Y.2d 584, 586), we held that "[t]he incorporation [in an indictment] by specific reference to the statute [defining the crime charged] operates without more to constitute allegations of all the elements of the crime required by explicit provision of the statute itself or by judicial gloss overlaid thereon" (see also, People v Wright, 67 N.Y.2d 749, revg on dissent at 112 A.D.2d 38, 39). Although the statute defining the crime charged in this case does not define dangerous contraband, it is not judicial gloss, but another statute, Penal Law § 205.00 (4) that does, indicating that it is "contraband which is capable of such use as may endanger the safety or security of a detention facility or any person therein." As in Cohen (supra), here incorporation by reference of the statute defining the crime charged constituted allegations of the elements of the crime and their statutory definitions.
The "contraband" component of "dangerous contraband" is further defined in Penal Law § 205.00 (3), which in turn refers to provisions of a "statute, rule, regulation or order", and defendants claim the controlling rule or regulation may be ineffective because it was not filed as required (see, e.g., Matter of Jones v Smith, 64 N.Y.2d 1003). As contrasted with Matter of Jones v Smith (supra), the failure in this case to file does not nullify the very basis of the proceeding. The enactment on which the criminal action is based is a statute incorporating the substance of the rule or regulation, and not the regulation itself.
We note also that defendants do not claim lack of adequate notice that the sharpened metal shank or rod each was charged with knowingly and unlawfully possessing was prohibited. Consideration of defendants' present nonjurisdictional challenges to their indictments is therefore precluded by their guilty pleas.
Chief Judge WACHTLER and Judges SIMONS, KAYE, TITONE, HANCOCK, JR., and BELLACOSA concur; Judge ALEXANDER taking no part.
In each case: Order affirmed in a memorandum.