Opinion
Docket No. 143504.
Submitted May 16, 1994, at Grand Rapids.
Decided April 3, 1995, at 9:40 A.M.
Frank J. Kelley, Attorney General, Thomas L. Casey, Solicitor General, Richard W. May, Prosecuting Attorney, and William E. Molner, Assistant Attorney General, for the people.
State Appellate Defender (by Penny R. Beardslee), for the defendant on appeal.
Following a jury trial, defendant was convicted of two counts of first-degree criminal sexual conduct, MCL 750.520b(1)(f); MSA 28.788(2) (1)(f), for sexually assaulting two thirteen-year-old girls. Subsequently, defendant pleaded guilty of being an habitual offender, second offense, MCL 769.10: MSA 28.1082, and, in an unrelated case, he pleaded guilty of fourth-degree criminal sexual conduct, MCL 750.520e(1)(a); MSA 28.788(5)(1)(a). Defendant was sentenced to two life terms for the first-degree criminal sexual conduct convictions and to one to two years' imprisonment for the fourth-degree criminal sexual conduct conviction. Defendant appeals as of right. We affirm.
Defendant first argues that the trial court lacked authority to reject a plea agreement arrived at by the prosecution and defendant before trial. We disagree.
The trial court refused to accept the plea, not because of a disagreement with the wisdom of the plea, but because the agreement was reached only one day before trial, June 24, 1991, which was well after the May 13, 1991, plea cutoff date set by the trial court's scheduling order of March 11, 1991.
According to MCR 6.301(A), a court may refuse to accept a defendant's plea "pursuant to the rules." MCR 6.001(D) provides that the rules of civil procedure apply to criminal cases. Further, MCR 2.401(B)(1)(b) establishes that a trial court may enter a scheduling order setting time limitations for the processing of a case. Reading these rules together, it is clear that the trial court had the authority to reject a plea that was entered into after the date set forth in the scheduling order. MCR 2.401(B)(1)(b).
We note that this interpretation of MCR 6.301(A) is in harmony with MCR 6.002, which states that these rules "are to be construed to secure simplicity in procedure, fairness in administration, and the elimination of unjustifiable expense and delay." Furthermore, this construction of MCR 6.301(A) recognizes the trial court's authority to control its docket. See People v Dowell, 199 Mich. App. 554; 502 N.W.2d 757 (1993). In this case, defendant and the prosecutor reached a plea agreement one day before trial, more than one month after the May 13, 1991, cutoff date. The trial court's refusal to accept defendant's plea agreement enhanced its docket control, eliminated unjustifiable expense and delay, and was, therefore, proper.
Defendant asserts that our interpretation of MCR 6.301(A) is not in accord with the staff comment to subrule A, which suggests that a trial court has no authority to reject a plea unless the plea requires the court's consent, MCR 6.301(B) and (C), or the plea fails to comply with the rules in subchapter 6.300. Although the staff comments are of great assistance in interpreting the court rules, they are "not dispositive on the meaning of the rules." Martin, Dean Webster, Michigan Court Rules Practice, p III. Because we believe the construction advanced in the staff comment to MCR 6.301(A) does not comport with the directive articulated in MCR 6.002, we decline to adopt it. We hold that a trial court, in its discretion, may reject a plea that fails to comply with any of the applicable court rules.
Defendant next argues that the trial court abused its discretion in denying his motion for a mistrial after a juror admitted he learned of a newspaper article regarding defendant. We disagree.
When jurors have been exposed to newspaper articles concerning the trial in which they are involved, or regarding other acts of the defendant, the controlling consideration is whether there has been prejudice to the defendant. If there has been no prejudice, the defendant is not entitled to a new trial or a mistrial. People v Flinnon, 78 Mich. App. 380, 391; 260 N.W.2d 106 (1977). In this case, defendant was not prejudiced when one juror became inadvertently aware of a small portion of the contents of a newspaper article concerning defendant. The juror did not read the newspaper article firsthand, did not communicate the contents of the article to the other jurors, and based his decision in the case on all of the evidence rather than solely on the contents of the newspaper article. Accordingly, we conclude that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying defendant's motion for a mistrial.
We reject defendant's argument that the trial court committed error requiring reversal by foreclosing any possibility of rereading testimony to the jurors during deliberations. See People v Robbins, 132 Mich. App. 616; 347 N.W.2d 765 (1984). Contrary to defendant's assertion, the trial court did not foreclose the possibility of the jury reviewing transcripts. After the jury requested transcripts of the victims' testimony, the court gave the jury three options. The court informed the jury that it could: (1) wait two hours for the court reporter to produce a transcript of the requested testimony, (2) listen to three hours' worth of testimony on an audio tape recording, or (3) use the jury's collective memory and try to recall the important parts of the requested testimony. The judge gave these instructions to the jury at 2:08 P.M. The jury then returned to the jury room and reached a verdict at 3:32 P.M. Evidently the jurors decided to rely on their collective memory to construe the victims' testimony. The court's articulation of options did not foreclose the possibility of the jury rereading the testimony. Id. at 621.
Defendant further argues that the trial court abused its discretion in invoking the rape-shield law, MCL 750.520j; MSA 28.788(10), to exclude evidence regarding a victim's motive to fabricate charges and in failing to hold an in-camera hearing to consider the constitutional ramifications of the exclusion. We decline to address this issue because it has not been preserved for appeal. Despite defendant's failure to comply with the rape-shield statute's notice requirement, the court held an in-camera hearing to determine the relevance of the evidence and whether such evidence would be admissible. MCL 750.520j(2); MSA 28.788(10)(2). However, the court did not rule on the admissibility of this evidence because defendant stated, "I will not pursue this line of questioning, your Honor." Because the court did not rule on the admissibility of this evidence, the issue has not been preserved for appeal.
Defendant argues that the prosecutor committed error requiring reversal in repeatedly requiring defendant to comment concerning the credibility of each of the prosecution's witnesses. We disagree. Because defendant failed to object to the prosecutor's questions, this issue has not been preserved for appeal. Accordingly, appellate review of these allegedly improper remarks by the prosecutor is precluded unless failure to review the issue would result in a miscarriage of justice. People v Gonzales, 178 Mich. App. 526, 534-535; 444 N.W.2d 228 (1989).
Our Supreme Court has stated that it is improper for a prosecutor to ask a defendant to comment concerning the credibility of prosecution witnesses. People v Buckey, 424 Mich. 1, 17; 378 N.W.2d 432 (1985). Like defendant in this case, the defendant in Buckey failed to raise in the trial court the objection urged on appeal. Id. at 18. The Court stated that a timely objection by defense counsel could have cured any prejudice, either by precluding such further questioning, or by causing the giving of an appropriate cautionary instruction. Id. Like the Buckey Court, we fail to discern how defendant was harmed by these questions. Id. at 17. Any possible prejudice in this case could have been cured by a request for a curative instruction. Accordingly, we hold that no miscarriage of justice would result from our failure to review this issue.
Defendant next argues that the trial court abused its discretion in imposing the maximum sentence authorized by law. We disagree. Because defendant is an habitual offender, the sentencing guidelines do not apply. People v Cutchall, 200 Mich. App. 396, 409-410; 504 N.W.2d 666 (1993). Nevertheless, an habitual offender's sentence must comply with the principle of proportionality. People v Milbourn, 435 Mich. 650; 461 N.W.2d 1 (1990); People v Finstrom, 186 Mich. App. 342, 345-346; 463 N.W.2d 272 (1990). Given defendant's criminal history and the psychological impact these crimes had on the victims, we conclude that the sentences imposed were proportionate to the offenses and the offender.
Finally, defendant argues that he is entitled to have the case remanded in order to have challenged information deleted from the presentence report. We find this error harmless in light of the trial court's express statement on the record that the information was not considered in passing sentence. People v Fisher, 442 Mich. 560, 567, n 4; 503 N.W.2d 50 (1992).
Affirmed.
M.G. HARRISON, J., concurred.
I respectfully dissent for the reason that the Michigan Supreme Court has clearly indicated, through the staff comment to MCR 6.301(A), that a trial court may reject only those pleas that are not in conformance with the remaining provisions of subchapter 6.300, Pleas. Because there are no allegations and no evidence that the plea agreement violated any of the court rules in subchapter 6.300, i.e., that the plea lacked voluntariness or accuracy, the trial court was without authority to reject the plea agreement entered into by the prosecutor and defendant on the day before trial. I would reverse defendant's convictions and remand to the trial court for the entrance of a guilty plea in conformance with the plea agreement and for resentencing.