The appellant, Willie O. Pendley, appeals a final decision of the Secretary of Health and Human Services denying his applications for disability insurance benefits and supplemental security income. The district court affirmed the Secretary's decision. Because the Administrative Law Judge's (ALJ's) decision is not supported by substantial evidence, we reverse the judgment of the district court.

The appellant is a 32 year old man who has an eighth grade education and previously worked as a security guard, truck driver, and draw frame operator in a cotton mill. The ALJ found that the appellant was unable to perform his past relevant work. Thus, the burden shifted to the Secretary "to show that he [could] perform other gainful employment available in the economy." Brenem v. Harris, 621 F.2d 688, 689 (5th Cir. 1980).

The appellant was not represented by counsel at the hearing before the ALJ. At the hearing, the ALJ elicited testimony from Dr. William A. Crunk, Jr., a vocational expert. Dr. Crunk was present during the hearing. The ALJ asked Dr. Crunk a hypothetical question in which he requested the expert to assume several factors. Dr. Crunk responded that the appellant could perform work as a packager, sorter, handler and automatic machine operator. See Record Vol. II at 45-46.

The appellant claims he was not informed of the availability of free legal services, therefore, he did not waive his statutory right to representation.

The appellant claims that the testimony of the vocational expert was crucial to the ALJ's decision. In its brief, the Secretary concedes this point by observing that "[t]o satisfy the Secretary's burden of demonstrating the existence of jobs within this restricted range, the ALJ relied upon the testimony of a vocational expert . . . who testified that such jobs did exist based upon the hypothetical question." Brief of Appellee at 33 (emphasis added).

The appellant contends that the hypothetical question posed by the ALJ did not comprehensively describe the appellant's impairments. We agree. The ALJ requested the expert to assume: (1) the appellant's education and work experience; (2) sedentary work; no vehicles; (3) no hazardous machinery; (4) restricted leg controls; (5) range of motion of neck, approximately half the normal; and (6) a full scale I.Q. of 77. Record, Vol. II at 45. The ALJ, however, did not request the expert to assume the claimant's anxiety or depression, both of which the ALJ found to be "severe impairments limiting the claimant's ability to work." Record, Vol. II at 11.

Referring to Johnson v. Harris, 612 F.2d 993 (5th Cir. 1980), our court in a similar case to this one has said: "[w]e held that unless there was vocational expert testimony concerning the availability of jobs for a person with the claimant's educational level, work skills and experience and physical limitations, the decision of the ALJ, based significantly on the expert testimony, would be unsupported by substantial evidence." Brenem v. Harris, 621 F.2d 688, 690 (5th Cir. 1980). See also Cowart v. Schweiker, 662 F.2d 731, 736 (11th Cir. 1981) ("Although there is no per se rule that a vocational expert be called to testify . . . the ALJ must articulate specific jobs that the claimant is able to perform, and this finding must be supported by substantial evidence, not `mere intuition or conjecture by the administrative law judge.'").

In Brenem, supra, we observed that it is not proper for us "to assume that because the vocational expert was aware of [a claimant's] psychological problems, that he took them into consideration in answering hypothetical questions which referred only to physical impairments. Or at least, we have no basis for assuming that had these factors been included in the hypothetical questions his answer would have been the same." Id. at 690 (emphasis in original).

In this case, we cannot assume that the vocational expert would have answered in a similar manner had the ALJ instructed him to consider all of the appellant's severe impairments. Thus, we must conclude that the Secretary failed to meet its burden of showing that the appellant could perform other gainful employment in the economy. We hold that the Secretary's decision was not supported by substantial evidence.

Because the "misuse of the expert's testimony alone warrants reversal," we do not consider the appellant's other claims. Western v. Harris, 633 F.2d 1204, 1207 (5th Cir. Unit A 1981). Accordingly, we reverse the judgment of the district court, remand the case to that court, and direct the district court to remand the case to the Secretary for further proceedings in accordance with this opinion.

REVERSED and REMANDED.

Summaries of

Pendley v. Heckler

United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit

Aug 12, 1985

767 F.2d 1561 (11th Cir. 1985)

holding that an ALJ may omit non-severe impairments in her hypothetical questions to the VE

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holding that an ALJ may omit non-severe impairments in her hypothetical questions to the VE

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holding that the ALJ's decision is not supported by substantial evidence when hypothetical used by VE does not include fully all of claimant's limitations

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finding that the ALJ's decision was not supported by substantial evidence where the hypothetical to the VE did not include all of the claimant's functional limitations

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finding that the ALJ's decision was not supported by substantial evidence where the hypothetical to the VE did not include all of the claimant's functional limitations

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concluding that Defendant "failed to meet its burden of showing that the appellant could perform other gainful employment in the economy" with substantial evidence.

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concluding that Defendant failed to meet its burden that Plaintiff could preform other gainful employment.

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concluding that when the ALJ did not comprehensively describe the claimant's severe impairments to the VE, the court was compelled to conclude that the Secretary failed to meet its burden in showing that the claimant could perform other gainful employment in the economy

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reversing where vocational expert was not asked to consider all of claimant's severe impairments

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reversing ALJ's decision for failure to incorporate severe impairments of anxiety and depression into hypothetical to vocational expert

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reversing ALJ's decision for failure to incorporate severe impairments of anxiety and depression into hypothetical questions to vocational expert

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reversing ALJ's decision for failure to incorporate severe impairments of anxiety and depression into hypothetical to vocational expert

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reversing ALJ's decision for failure to incorporate severe impairments of anxiety and depression into hypothetical to vocational expert

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stating that in order for a hypothetical question to constitute substantial evidence, it must comprehensively describe the claimant's impairments and limitations

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In Pendley, the ALJ determined that the claimant's anxiety and depression were severe impairments that limited his ability to work.

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In Pendley, the ALJ did not ask the vocational expert to assume the claimant's anxiety or depression, both of which he found to be severe impairments, in his hypothetical question.

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In Pendley, the ALJ did not ask the vocational expert to assume the claimant's anxiety or depression, both of which he found to be severe impairments, in his hypothetical question.

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stating that an ALJ must pose hypothetical questions to the VE that are supported by substantial evidence

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In Pendley v. Heckler, 767 F.2d 1561, 1562-1562 (11th Cir. 1985) (per curiam), the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals held that the ALJ's failure to include plaintiff's severe impairments in a hypothetical question to a VE was reversible error where the ALJ relied on that VE's testimony to make a disability decision.

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Pendley v. Heckler

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Pendley v. Heckler

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