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holding that appellant waived argument that the trial court erred by considering appellee's summary judgment motion without first ruling on appellant's motion to compel discovery because appellant never moved to continue the summary judgment ruling or otherwise object at the trial level
Summary of this case from Bo Phillips Co. v. R.L. King Props., LLCOpinion
A03A0804.
DECIDED: MARCH 19, 2003 Reconsideration Denied April 7, 2003
Usury. Bulloch Superior Court. Before Judge Turner.
Lee, Black, Hart Rouse, Christopher L. Rouse, for appellants.
James L. Johnston, Sr., for appellees.
Following a grant of summary judgment to the defendants Forest Heights Water Works, Inc. and Lee Anderson ("Forest Heights"), Robert and Donna Mallard appeal, arguing that the trial court erred by (1) finding that ten percent per month late fees charged by Forest Heights for unpaid water bills were not within the scope of usury laws, and (2) failing to rule on Mallard's motion to compel discovery before granting summary judgment. For the reasons that follow, we affirm.
We review a grant of summary judgment de novo, with the evidence viewed in the nonmovant's favor. Jordan v. Tri County AG. "[S]ummary judgment is appropriate when the court, viewing all the facts and reasonable inferences from those facts in a light most favorable to the non-moving party, concludes that the evidence does not create a triable issue as to each essential element of the case." Lau's Corp. v. Haskins. OCGA § 9-11-56(e). A defendant need not "affirmatively disprove the plaintiffs' case, but may prevail by pointing to the absence of evidence to support the plaintiffs' case." Cole v. Fauk. "If the moving party discharges this burden, the nonmoving party cannot rest on its pleadings, but rather must point to specific evidence giving rise to a triable issue." (Punctuation omitted.) Hall v. Cracker Barrel c.
Jordan v. Tri County AG, 248 Ga. App. 661 ( 546 S.E.2d 528) (2001).
Lau's Corp. v. Haskins, 261 Ga. 491, 495(4) ( 405 S.E.2d 474) (1991).
Cole v. Fauk, 253 Ga. App. 892, 893 ( 560 S.E.2d 772) (2002).
Hall v. Cracker Barrel Old Country Store, 223 Ga. App. 88, 89(1) ( 476 S.E.2d 789) (1996).
Viewed in the light most favorable to the Mallards, the record before us shows only that they purchased water from Forest Heights, and that Forest Heights charged a ten percent late penalty on current monthly bills paid more than five days late. This does not create a triable issue on the Mallards' claim of usury.
1. The Mallards have failed to rebut Forest Heights's evidence that the late fee was not an artifice for usury. The essential elements of usury are (1) a loan or forbearance of money, express or implied; (2) made with an understanding that the principal shall or may be returned; (3) that provides a profit greater than that authorized by law in exchange for such loan or forbearance; and (4) with an intent to violate the law. Knight v. First Fed. Savings c. See OCGA § 7-4-1. The maximum profit authorized by law is one-and-one-half percent per month. OCGA § 7-4-16. When an apparently innocent transaction is alleged to be an artifice for the charging of illegal interest, "it is incumbent upon the person attacking to show that the loan was in fact usurious" Knight, supra at 450(2). See Virginia-Carolina Chem. Co. v. Provident Savings Life Assur. Society (when a transaction is not facially usurious, the burden of establishing the charge of usury is on the party making it).
Knight v. First Fed. Savings c., 151 Ga. App. 447, 449 ( 260 S.E.2d 511) (1979).
Virginia-Carolina Chem. Co. v. Provident Savings Life Assur. Society, 126 Ga. 50, 54 ( 54 S.E. 929) (1906).
Forest Heights denied the complaint's material allegations that it charged "10% interest per month on any balance on this commercial account," and argued that the ten percent charge was a permissible one-time "late penalty," not a monthly interest charge. Forest Heights supported this denial with an affidavit and a copy of a water bill. The affidavit, submitted by Forest Heights president James Anderson, states that Forest Heights "does not and has never charged any of its customers interest of any type on their water bills," but "does charge its customers a late penalty if their current bill is not paid by a certain date."
While Mallard argued that the late fee was a cloak for a usurious loan, Mallard rested on its pleadings. Mallard has not offered more than allegation and conjecture contradicting Forest Heights's showing that the late fee was not a disguised usurious loan. Consequently, "plaintiff has not borne his responsibility to point to specific evidence giving rise to a triable issue regarding the agreement" to provide water, and summary judgment is required. (Punctuation omitted.) Hooks v. Cobb Center Pawn c.
Hooks v. Cobb Center Pawn c., 241 Ga. App. 305, 306(2) ( 527 S.E.2d 566) (1999).
2. Mallard contends that the trial court erred in considering Forest Heights's summary judgment motion without first ruling on his motion to compel certain discovery responses. Mallard has waived this enumeration, because he did not move to continue the court's ruling on summary judgment pending its ruling on the motion to compel, move to set aside the summary judgment pending resolution of the discovery issue, or otherwise object at the trial level. Wynn v. Arias. Judgment affirmed. Ellington and Phipps, JJ., concur.
Wynn v. Arias, 242 Ga. App. 712, 718 ( 531 S.E.2d 126) (2000).