Opinion
December 26, 1991
Appeal from the Surrogate's Court, Monroe County, Arnold F. Ciaccio, S.
Offermann, Mahoney, Cassano, Pigott, Greco Whalen (Eugene Pigott of counsel), for James Leiffer and others, appellants.
Solin, Polito Anderson (Richard Anderson and Joseph C. Ballister of counsel), for Lincoln First Bank, N.A., respondent.
The principal issue raised on appeal is whether Surrogate's Court has subject matter jurisdiction over a stockholder derivative action instituted by an executor and testamentary trustee on behalf of the estate of a deceased stockholder. We conclude that, under the circumstances of this case, Surrogate's Court does not have jurisdiction.
Prior to his death on March 3, 1981, Alexander B. Ireland was the owner of 50% of the stock of Rochester Air Freight Service Corporation, Buf-Air Freight Corporation and Buf-Air Express, Inc. Buy-sell agreements executed by Ireland and respondent Delos N. Sanford, the owner of the remaining 50% interest, required the surviving owner to pay the decedent's estate an agreed-upon sum for the decedent's interest in Rochester Air Freight Service and Buf-Air Freight Corporation. Respondent Sanford purchased Ireland's interest in those corporations as required by the agreements.
No buy-sell agreement exists, however, with respect to the stock of Buf-Air Express, Inc., a corporation formed to transport cargo from Buffalo to Canada and whose main asset was a license to do business in Canada. On March 17, 1981, Ireland's will was admitted to probate. Petitioner bank, as executor and testamentary trustee, became the holder of Ireland's 50% stock interest in Buf-Air Express. It appears that respondent Leiffer is the current owner of the remaining 50% interest in Buf-Air Express.
Respondent Sanford asserts that in 1982, he sold his 50% interest in Buf-Air Express to Can Am Traffic Services Limited. Respondent Leiffer maintains that he is the current owner of that 50% interest. The petition alleges that Sanford sold his stock interest in all three corporations (Rochester Air Freight, Buf-Air Freight and Buf-Air Express) to respondent Leiffer, who is the sole stockholder of Can Am Traffic Services Limited.
The instant petition was filed in Surrogate's Court in 1984. The petition alleges that improper allocation of income and expenses between Buf-Air Freight and Buf-Air Express between 1980 and 1982 has resulted in conversion and waste of corporate assets of Buf-Air Express. Petitioner seeks an accounting for the years 1980 through 1983, the restitution of cash reserve assets to Buf-Air Express and an award of damages against the various respondents for the conversion and waste of corporate assets. This appeal is from an amended order which denied cross motions of respondents (except respondent May) for summary judgment dismissing the petition. The Surrogate found that, under the circumstances of this case, the traditional stockholder derivative action would be "unavailing" and that only the estate could act on behalf of decedent's interest. The court described the dispute as involving "a substantial interest and right of a decedent's estate and accordingly to be accorded subject matter jurisdiction in the Surrogate's Court." We disagree.
The instant proceeding clearly constitutes a shareholder derivative action. An action commenced by a shareholder alleging the misappropriation or waste of corporate assets is a shareholder derivative action provided for by section 626 Bus. Corp. of the Business Corporation Law (see, Abrams v Donati, 66 N.Y.2d 951, rearg denied 67 N.Y.2d 758; Southeast Chrysler-Plymouth v Pieroni, 96 A.D.2d 745, 746; Carpenter v Sisti, 45 A.D.2d 529; Lait v Leon, 19 A.D.2d 540; see also, Lewis v S.L. E., Inc., 629 F.2d 764, 768, n 10 [interpreting New York law]).
The subject matter jurisdiction of Surrogate's Court includes "all actions and proceedings relating to the affairs of decedents" and all proceedings pertaining to the administration of estates (NY Const, art VI, § 12 [d]; see also, SCPA 201). The history and trend "is one of steadily expanding jurisdiction" (Matter of Piccione, 57 N.Y.2d 278, 287, rearg denied 58 N.Y.2d 824). "'"[F]or the Surrogate's Court to decline jurisdiction, it should be abundantly clear that the matter in controversy in no way affects the affairs of a decedent or the administration of his estate"'" (Matter of Piccione, supra, at 288, quoting from Matter of Young, 80 Misc.2d 937, 939). In Piccione, for example, the court held that Surrogate's Court had subject matter jurisdiction over an eviction proceeding. The estate sought to evict the tenants in order to sell the property and wind up the administration of the estate. Because the proceeds of the sale were to go to the estate and Surrogate's Court would ultimately decide how the proceeds would be distributed, the court observed that "it can hardly be said that this controversy 'in no way affects the affairs of the decedent or the administration of the estate'" (Matter of Piccione, supra, at 290).
The full test of this subdivision is as follows: "The surrogate's court shall have jurisdiction over all actions and proceedings relating to the affairs of decedents, probate of wills, administration of estates and actions and proceedings arising thereunder or pertaining thereto, guardianship of the property of minors, and such other actions and proceedings, not within the exclusive jurisdiction of the supreme court, as may be provided by law."
In the instant proceeding, petitioner does not seek any relief which would directly benefit the estate. Petitioner seeks a return of cash reserves to Buf-Air Express and an award of damages for the conversion and waste of corporate assets. It is the corporation, not the estate, which is entitled to the award of damages, notwithstanding the fact that Buf-Air Express is a close corporation owned by two shareholders (see, Glenn v Hoteltron Sys., 74 N.Y.2d 386, 392-393; see also, Matter of Maki v Estate of Ziehm, 55 A.D.2d 454). There is no demonstration that decedent's stock is to be sold and the proceeds distributed as part of the administration of the estate or the testamentary trust (see, Dunham v Dunham, 40 A.D.2d 912; Matter of Sirotta, 117 Misc.2d 1088 [where the valuation or sale of stock was involved]). In sum, the relief sought in this proceeding will not relate to the affairs of decedent and will not affect the administration of the estate (see, Matter of Corning, 108 A.D.2d 96, appeals dismissed 66 N.Y.2d 695).
Petitioner asserts that, as part of the misallocation of funds between Buf-Air Freight and Buf-Air Express, the estate has received more money that it should have when it sold decedent's stock interest to respondent Sanford. This, however, does not relate to the stockholder derivative action; it is a matter between the estate and Sanford. No relief is sought against the estate in the petition, and Sanford has not asserted a counterclaim for such relief. Moreover, a separate action is pending in Supreme Court for the judicial dissolution of Buf-Air Express.
We do not suggest that all stockholder derivative actions are outside the subject matter jurisdiction of Surrogate's Court. Where it is alleged that the decedent misappropriated corporate funds and a stockholder derivative action is commenced against the estate, the matter clearly would involve the affairs of the decedent and would be within the jurisdiction of Surrogate's Court (see, Matter of Maki v Estate of Ziehm, 55 A.D.2d 454, supra). That is not the situation here. The fact that an estate owns stock in a corporation does not confer jurisdiction upon Surrogate's Court to resolve all matters involving that corporation (see, Matter of Corning, supra; Matter of Pulitzer, 139 Misc. 575, 585-586, affd 237 App. Div. 808; see generally, 28 N.Y. Jur 2d, Courts and Judges, § 287).
There is no merit to respondents' contention that petitioner cannot satisfy the contemporaneous ownership requirement of Business Corporation Law § 626. It is settled law that a fiduciary can maintain a shareholder derivative action (see, Meltzer v Wattles, 19 A.D.2d 871; Greenberg v Acme Folding Box Co., 84 Misc.2d 181, 183; North v Ringling, 187 Misc. 621).
Accordingly, we should reverse the amended order and direct that this proceeding be transferred to Supreme Court, Monroe County, for further proceedings (see, N Y Const, art VI, § 19 [d]; Matter of Corning, 108 A.D.2d 96, 103, supra).
DENMAN, P.J., CALLAHAN, LAWTON and DAVIS, JJ., concur.
Order unanimously reversed, on the law, without costs, and matter remitted to Monroe County Surrogate's Court, for further proceedings, in accordance with an opinion by BALIO, J.