Summary
In LeBlanc, this Court required the application of the setoff provision to Medicare payments for which the plaintiff had paid a fee.
Summary of this case from Neumann v. Transit Casualty Co.Opinion
Docket No. 78-261.
Decided December 6, 1978. Leave to appeal applied for.
McLean McCarthy, for plaintiff.
Weis Cossi, P.C., for defendant.
Before: J.H. GILLIS, P.J., and D.E. HOLBROOK and R.M. MAHER, JJ.
This is an automobile no-fault insurance case wherein plaintiff sustained personal injuries and received Medicare payments with respect to medical and hospital services rendered therefor.
Plaintiff was insured under a no-fault automobile insurance policy issued by the defendant and he made a claim for personal protection benefits under that policy. The policy contained a provision for subtraction of government benefits, as mandated by MCL 500.3109; MSA 24.13109. Defendant therefore deducted the amount paid by Medicare from the benefits paid to the plaintiff.
Plaintiff brought this action on April 15, 1977, to recover the deducted Medicare amounts and was granted a summary judgment by the trial court on the authority of O'Donnell v State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co, 70 Mich. App. 487; 245 N.W.2d 801 (1976).
The trial court denied an award of attorney fees for plaintiff's counsel, finding no unreasonable refusal to pay benefits on behalf of the defendant. From that judgment defendant filed an appeal pursuant to GCR 1963, 806.1 and plaintiff has filed a cross-appeal pursuant to GCR 1963, 807.1.
We are aware of the split of authority in this Court with respect to the constitutionality of the government benefits deduction provision of the no-fault automobile insurance act. O'Donnell, supra, Wysocki v Detroit Automobile Inter-Insurance Exchange, 77 Mich. App. 565; 258 N.W.2d 561 (1977), and Pollock v Frankenmuth Mutual Insurance Co, 79 Mich. App. 218; 261 N.W.2d 554 (1977), have declared this provision of the act to be in violation of the constitutional standards of equal protection and due process.
On the other hand, the constitutionality of the provision has been upheld in Smart v Citizens Mutual Insurance Co, 83 Mich. App. 30; 268 N.W.2d 273 (1978), and Greene v State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co, 83 Mich. App. 505; 268 N.W.2d 703 (1978).
We find the latter cases more convincing and quote with approval from Judge BASHARA'S dissent in O'Donnell, supra, at 506-507:
"Under the statutory scheme everyone participating in no-fault is entitled to certain minimum benefits. The fact that some individuals are unable to purchase private insurance is of no moment. As long as everyone has an opportunity to enjoy a minimum statutory benefit, there is no absolute deprivation. Any discrimination that might exist is insufficient to justify invoking the Equal Protection Clause."
As to the trial court's refusal to award an attorney fee, we affirm. See Davidson v Johnson (On Rehearing), 79 Mich. App. 660, 666-667; 262 N.W.2d 887 (1977).
Reversed in part; affirmed in part. No costs, a public question being involved.
This writer must respectfully dissent from the decision reached by the majority with respect to the constitutionality of MCL 500.3109; MSA 24.13109. As noted by the majority, a significant split of opinion has arisen in our Court on this issue.
The constitutionality of MCL 500.3109 was first raised in O'Donnell v State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co, 70 Mich. App. 487; 245 N.W.2d 801 (1976), lv gtd 397 Mich. 848 (1976). In reaching the conclusion that MCL 500.3109(1); MSA 24.13109(1), is unconstitutional, the majority in O'Donnell noted at 495, 496-497 that:
"[T]he effect of § 3109(1) is to allow both no-fault benefits and private insurance benefits to those who have such private insurance, yet it reduces no-fault benefits by any benefits received under a governmental program. Thus, those who have no private insurance or who cannot afford such insurance receive fewer benefits because of that fact. We find this section to be patently unreasonable and discriminatory.
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"The provision requires the reduction of recovery by benefits which are in a very real sense `paid for' by the `insured', such as under social security, or benefits which are in the nature of employee benefits to government employees and veterans. In this case the beneficiary's no-fault benefits are reduced by governmental insurance the insured has paid for but not by private insurance for which he has paid." (Footnote omitted.)
The next panel to have considered this issue was the panel which decided Wysocki v Detroit Automobile Inter-Insurance Exchange, 77 Mich. App. 565; 258 N.W.2d 561 (1977), and which also concluded that the statute in question was unconstitutional. In Wysocki a unanimous Court affirmed the O'Donnell determination that no reasonable basis existed for the like treatment of both "earned" and "unearned" governmental benefits or for the dissimilar treatment of private insurance benefits and governmental benefits. This Court unanimously arrived at the same result in Pollock v Frankenmuth Mutual Insurance Co, 79 Mich. App. 218; 261 N.W.2d 554 (1977), lv to appeal pending, although the Court adopted a different approach from that utilized previously.
In Pollock at 224 the Court noted that the purpose of this provision was to reduce insurance premiums by eliminating one source of duplicative recovery. The Court held this to be a legitimate legislative objective, however, it held that the net effect of the statute in this regard was to require:
"[T]he class of insureds entitled to workers' compensation as well as no-fault recovery is forced to subsidize premium savings by the greater class of all insureds. To put the matter another way, worker motorists are forced to purchase insurance on which the law denies them a right of recovery, so that other insureds may enjoy lower premiums for insurance on which they can recover."
The next panel of this Court to consider the issue of the constitutionality of MCL 500.3109(1), relied upon Pollock in a unanimous per curiam opinion holding the pertinent section of the no-fault act to be unconstitutional. Mielke v Michigan Millers Mutual Insurance Co, 82 Mich. App. 721; 267 N.W.2d 165 (1978), lv to appeal pending. MCL 500.3109(1) was first upheld by a panel of this Court in Smart v Citizens Mutual Insurance Co, 83 Mich. App. 30, 33; 268 N.W.2d 273 (1978). In that case the majority concluded as follows:
"In mandatory terms, the Legislature, by its enactment of the no-fault automobile insurance provisions, established a minimum level of disability benefits for Michigan citizens who suffer adverse financial consequences from personal injury automobile accidents. The establishment of that minimum level is maintained by § 3109(1).
"All benefits derived from governmentally promulgated programs are combined under that section to reach the predetermined minimum benefit level. Those who desire to enhance that benefit provision may do so by voluntarily entering into private contractual arrangements. The constitutional implications of this scheme were also analyzed in the dissenting opinion in O'Donnell. With that reasoning and result, we agree."
A majority of the Court in Greene v State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co, 83 Mich. App. 505; 268 N.W.2d 703 (1978), lv to appeal pending concurred in the Smart opinion's reasoning.
This writer finds the approach taken by the Smart opinion in considering § 3109(1) to be untenable. It sanctions a procedure whereby many persons will receive reduced benefits under legislatively mandated insurance contracts, because of their receipt of unrelated governmental benefits which were also purchased. As the statute reads, this writer respectfully dissents from the majority's decision in this case and agrees with the result reached in Pollock and Mielke.
In this case, the plaintiff purchased Medicare insurance.
This writer votes for affirmance.