Summary
involving felony conviction for filing fraudulent income taxes; misdemeanor not at issue
Summary of this case from In re ChaseOpinion
Argued February 1, 1965
Accused permanently disbarred April 21, 1965
On petition of accused to review, reverse or modify the recommendation of the Board of Governors of the Oregon State Bar.
Sam Wilderman, Portland, argued the cause and filed a brief for petitioner.
Robert L. Kincart, Oregon City, argued the cause for the Oregon State Bar. With him on the brief was Carl R. Wells, Portland.
Before McALLISTER, Chief Justice, and PERRY, SLOAN, O'CONNELL, GOODWIN, DENECKE and LUSK, Justices.
IN BANC
ACCUSED PERMANENTLY DISBARRED.
This is a disciplinary proceeding which comes to us for review of the report of the Board of Governors of the Oregon State Bar, and its recommendation by a divided vote that the defendant, Alton John Bassett, be disbarred.
On April 22, 1963 an indictment was returned in the District Court of the United States for the District of Oregon charging defendant in five counts with wilfully and knowingly attempting to evade and defeat a large part of the income tax due and owing by him and his wife to the United States for the calendar years 1955 to 1959 in violation of 26 United States Code, § 7201. The indictment also charged in two counts that in violation of 26 United States Code, § 7206 (1) the defendant did wilfully and knowingly make and subscribe income tax returns for the calendar years 1955 and 1956 which were verified by a written declaration that they were made under the penalties of perjury, which income tax returns defendant did not believe to be true and correct as to every material matter.
The five counts of violation of Section 7201 charged that the defendant filed false and fraudulent joint income tax returns on behalf of himself and his wife, in which he knowingly understated their taxable income and the amount of the tax due thereon as follows:
TAXABLE INCOME
Year Reported Charged
1955 $ 1,531.07 $ 7,093.22 1956 2,800.17 4,376.85 1957 2,421.24 13,724.00 1958 1,183.89 6,869.14 1959 490.53 5,639.05
AMOUNT OF TAX
Year Reported Charged
1955 $ 306.21 $ 1,480.51 1956 560.03 882.91 1957 484.25 3,237.20 1958 236.78 1,431.28 1959 98.11 1,160.59
The two counts of violation of Section 7206 charged that the defendant understated his gross income for the years 1955 and 1956 as follows:
GROSS INCOME
Year Reported Charged
1955 $ 9,776.55 $18,451.00 1956 10,836.62 14,964.92
The defendant was found guilty by a jury of all seven counts and on October 3, 1963 was sentenced to imprisonment for a term of two years on each of the seven counts, with the sentences to run concurrently. On December 13, 1963 the sentence was modified to provide that the defendant would be eligible for parole at such time as the Parole Board should determine, and the defendant was released on parole on April 28, 1964.
On October 16, 1963, this court suspended defendant's license to practice law pursuant to our Rule I, which provides for the suspension of a lawyer who has been convicted of a felony or of a misdemeanor involving moral turpitude.
Thereafter the Board of Governors of the Oregon State Bar instituted disciplinary proceedings against the defendant, based solely on his conviction of violation of the federal tax statutes. A hearing was held by a trial committee, at which the defendant admitted his conviction and sentence and offered his own statements and testimony in mitigation. The trial committee found defendant guilty and unanimously recommended that the defendant be permanently disbarred.
The matter was reviewed by the Board of Governors of the Oregon State Bar, which approved the findings of the trial committee as to the guilt of the defendant. Seven members of the Board recommended that the defendant be permanently disbarred, three recommended that the defendant be suspended for three years, and two recommended that the defendant be suspended for a period of two years.
Since 1862 a statute of this state has provided that an attorney may be removed or suspended by this court upon his conviction of any felony or of a misdemeanor involving moral turpitude. 1862; D 1015, now ORS 9.480. Without pausing to consider the effect of this statute on the inherent power of the court, we note that all of the charges of which the defendant was convicted were felonies. It is also settled by the weight of authority that the offenses of which defendant was convicted involve moral turpitude, particularly where as here the indictment alleges that the returns filed by the defendant were false and fraudulent. In re Hallinan, 48 Cal.2d 52, 307 P.2d 1 (1957); In re Alker, 398 Pa. 188, 157 A.2d 749 (1960); In re Seijas, 52 Wn.2d 1, 318 P.2d 961 (1957); Tomlinson v. Lefkowitz, 334 F.2d 262 (5th Cir 1964); Chanan Din Khan v. Barber, 253 F.2d 547 (9th Cir 1958), cert. den. 357 U.S. 920 (1958), 78 S Ct 1361, 2 L Ed2d 1364; Tseung Chu v. Cornell, 247 F.2d 929 (9th Cir 1957), cert. den. 355 U.S. 892 (1957), 78 S Ct 265, 2 L Ed2d 190.
It is undisputed that over a period of five years the defendant knowingly and intentionally, and for the purpose of defrauding the government, and for his personal gain, filed fraudulent tax returns in which his income was falsely understated. An attorney who deliberately engages in such a protracted course of conduct has demonstrated his unfitness to practice law.
We pointed out in In re O.H. Bengtson, 230 Or. 369, 371, 370 P.2d 239 (1962), that this court has uniformly disbarred attorneys guilty of diverting to their own use moneys belonging to someone else. Like the Supreme Court of California, we "see no moral distinction between defrauding an individual and defrauding the government." In re Hallinan, 43 Cal.2d 243, 272 P.2d 768, 771 (1954).
This is a more serious case than those in which attorneys have been disciplined for failure to file income tax returns, which is classified by the federal statutes as a misdemeanor. In re Le Roy L. Lomax, 216 Or. 281, 338 P.2d 638 (1959); In re Maurice C. Corcoran, 215 Or. 660, 337 P.2d 307 (1959); In re Richard R. Morris, 215 Or. 180, 332 P.2d 885 (1958); In re McKechnie, 214 Or. 531, 330 P.2d 727 (1958); In re Claude M. Johns, Jr., 212 Or. 587, 321 P.2d 281 (1958); In re Franz E. Wagner, 210 Or. 457, 311 P.2d 751 (1957); In re Means, 207 Or. 638, 298 P.2d 983 (1956). Whether it is a misdemeanor involving moral turpitude depends on the facts and circumstances of each case. See In re Maurice C. Corcoran, supra, at 215 Or. 664, where we said that in the future the evidence in cases involving failure to file tax returns should be examined for the purpose of determining whether the conduct was such that it involved moral turpitude.
We can find in this case no sound reason to deviate from our settled rule that attorneys who for their own enrichment deliberately perpetrate fraud must be disbarred.
The recommendation of the Board of Governors is approved and the defendant is permanently disbarred.