Opinion
May 31, 1977
Judgment, Supreme Court, Nassau County, entered August 25, 1976, insofar as appealed from, (1) declaring section 90 Jud. of the Judiciary Law to be constitutional, (2) granting defendants' motion for summary judgment dismissing the complaint, and (3) denying the branch of plaintiff's cross motion for a preliminary injunction, unanimously modified, on the law, by deleting, as academic, so much thereof as unnecessarily declared section 90 to be constitutional and, as modified, affirmed, without costs and without disbursements. Oral application for a continuance of the stay is denied (CPLR 5519, subd [e]; DFI Communications v Greenberg, mot for stay den 41 N.Y.2d 902, overruling in effect 55 A.D.2d 887). The factual and procedural history of this action is satisfactorily set forth in the decision at Special Term ( 87 Misc.2d 768). Upon the entry of the subject judgment, the plaintiff appealed to the Court of Appeals on constitutional grounds under CPLR 5601 (subd [b], par 1). In a memorandum decision, the Court of Appeals dismissed plaintiff's appeal ( 40 N.Y.2d 825): "Cross motion to dismiss the appeal granted only to the extent that the appeal is transferred, on constraint of the Constitution of the State of New York (art VI, § 5, subd b), to the Appellate Division, Second Department (but see NY Const, art VI, § 4, subd i), on the ground that the sole constitutional question presented on this direct appeal is not substantial (see Matter of Gerzof, 45 A.D.2d 450, mot for lv to app den, app as of right dsmd and stay den 35 N.Y.2d 644, 855, 856; Mildner v Gulotta, 405 F. Supp. 182, affd 425 U.S. 901)." Thereafter, upon plaintiff's motion, the Appellate Division, Second Department, transferred the proceeding to us. The Second Department also stayed the order of suspension pending the determination of this appeal. While the court at Special Term refused to dismiss the complaint on the ground of res judicata, we are not bound by that determination as the law of this case. (Garfield v Equitable Life Assur. Soc. of U.S., 9 A.D.2d 625; CPLR 5501, subd [a], par [1].) The doctrine of res judicata applies to defenses which were not raised but which should have been properly raised in a prior proceeding (Echo Bay Waterfront Corp. v City of New Rochelle, 275 App. Div. 672; 9 Carmody-Wait 2d, N Y Prac, § 63:208, p 215). In his suspension proceeding, the plaintiff should have but did not raise the defense that section 90 Jud. of the Judiciary Law was unconstitutional under both the Federal and State Constitutions. By failing to raise that defense in the suspension proceeding, the plaintiff waived it and he is now barred from adjudicating that matter in this declaratory judgment action. (Chicot County Dist. v Bank, 308 U.S. 371, 375, 379.) In the absence of any justiciable controversy, the entire complaint must be dismissed. Moreover, it should be emphasized that the United States Supreme Court has found that section 90 does not violate the Federal Constitution. (Mildner v Gulotta, 405 F. Supp. 182, affd 425 U.S. 901.) It must be concluded that the highest court reached the merits of that case, otherwise the court would not have taken jurisdiction of the appeal (MTM v Baxley, 420 U.S. 799, 804). Under the same doctrine of res judicata, the plaintiff is additionally barred from maintaining, at this time, that section 90 violates the Federal Constitution (Becker v Levitt, 81 Misc.2d 664, 668). If we had considered that portion of the complaint that asserted section 90 was in violation of the State Constitution, we would have found it to be constitutional for the reasons stated in the concurring opinions of Judges Neaher and Moore (Mildner v Gulotta, supra). In view of our foregoing determination dismissing the complaint on the ground of res judicata, the branch of the cross motion for summary judgment declaring section 90 to be unconstitutional is denied as academic. Likewise, the branch of the cross motion for a preliminary injunction was properly denied.
Concur — Murphy, P.J., Birns, Capozzoli and Lane, JJ. [ 87 Misc.2d 768.]