Opinion
No. 09-35726.
The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed.R.App.P. 34(a)(2).
Filed June 21, 2010.
Anthony Bornstein, Federal Public Defender's Office, Portland, OR, for Petitioner-Appellant.
Lester Huntsinger, Assistant Attorney General, Oregon Department of Justice, Greg Allen Rios, Assistant Attorney General, Office of the Oregon Attorney General, Salem, OR, for Respondent-Appellee.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the District of Oregon, Garr M. King, Senior District Judge, Presiding. D.C. No. 3:08-cv-00483-KI.
Before: HALL, FERNANDEZ, and McKEOWN, Circuit Judges.
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by 9 th Cir. R. 36-3.
In 1979, Petitioner Guy Friday Ehler was convicted of two counts of first-degree rape, two counts of first-degree sodomy, and one count of attempted first-degree rape. He received an indeterminate sentence of 90 years in prison. On October 6, 2004, the Oregon Board of Parole ("Board") deferred Ehler's projected parole release date for 24 months, concluding that lie suffered a "present severe emotional disturbance that constitutes a danger to the health and safety of the community." Ehler sought state administrative and judicial review of the Board's decision, arguing, inter alia, that it violated the Ex Post Facto Clause. After exhausting his state remedies, Ehler filed a petition for habeas corpus with the United States District Court for the District of Oregon. The district court denied the petition, and Ehler timely appealed. We have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 1291 2253. We affirm.
Ehler did not request or receive a certificate of appealability ("COA") before filing this appeal. We recently held that a COA is a jurisdictional prerequisite for a habeas challenge to a parole board decision. Hayward v. Marshall, 603 F.3d 546, 551-55 (9th Cir. 2010) (en banc) (overruling circuit precedent to the contrary). At the time Ehler filed his appeal, however, he was justified in believing he could proceed without a COA, and in his appellate brief he "has made a substantial showing of the denial of a constitutional right." 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(2). We therefore issue Ehler a sua sponte and proceed to the merits of his appeal. Hayward, 603 F.3d at 554-55.
The district court properly held that the Board did not violate the Ex Post Facto Clause in deferring Ehler's release date. Ehler argues that the Board improperly applied a post-1993 version of Or.Rev. Stat. § 144.125(3), because the Board, and not a psychiatrist or psychologist, determined that he had a "present severe emotional disturbance." Although a psychiatric or psychological diagnosis is a prerequisite to a deferral decision under the laws in effect in 1979, Oregon courts have held that the Board, and not a doctor, is responsible for the legal determination of whether an inmate has a present severe emotional disturbance. Weidner v. Armenakis, 154 Or. App. 12, 959 P.2d 623, 626-27, withdrawn by order July 13, 1998, reasoning readopted and aff'd Merrill v. Johnson, 155 Or. App. 295, 964 P.2d 284 (1998). Dr. David Starr diagnosed Ehler with Paraphilia NOS and Narcissistic Personality Disorder, and he concluded that Ehler would be a "difficult prospect for parole." Under the version of § 144.125(3) in effect in 1979, this diagnosis was a reasonable foundation for the Board's decision to defer Ehler's release date. There is no indication that the Board retroactively applied any later-enacted law, and therefore we cannot conclude that the Board's decision was an unreasonable application of Ex Post Facto law as determined by the Supreme Court.
Our decision in Brown v. Palmateer, 379 F.3d 1089 (9th Cir. 2004), is distinguishable. The Board in Brown did not fulfill its duty under the pre-1993 versions of § 144.125(3) to ground its parole deferral decision in a professional diagnosis. To the contrary, the psychologist's report in Brown plainly refuted the Board's conclusion that the petitioner suffered a present severe emotional disturbance. Id. at 1094. Here, the Board's determination that Ehler suffered a present severe emotional disturbance and constituted a danger to the community was consistent with Dr. Starr's diagnosis.