Summary
reversing a grant of summary judgment in favor of defendant because " corporation may have successor liability" for "injuries caused by defective products manufactured by its predecessor" under the four traditional exceptions
Summary of this case from Monte v. Fireman'sOpinion
Argued October 6, 2000.
November 6, 2000.
In an action to recover damages for personal injuries, etc., the defendant third-party plaintiff Highlift, Inc., appeals from so much of an order of the Supreme Court, Nassau County (Dunne, J.), entered July 22, 1999, as granted that branch of the motion of the third-party defendant Lull Industries, Inc., which was for summary judgment dismissing the third-party complaint, and the third-party defendant New York City Transit Authority separately appeals from so much of the same order as granted that branch of the motion of the third-party defendant Lull Industries, Inc., which was for summary judgment dismissing its cross claim insofar as asserted against Lull Industries, Inc.
Wilson, Elser, Moskowitz, Edelman Dicker, LLP, New York, N Y (Rosario M. Vignali of counsel), for defendant third-party plaintiff-appellant.
Shaub, Ahmuty, Citrin Spratt, LLP, Lake Success, N.Y. (Stefan B. Kalina of counsel), for third-party defendant-appellant.
Cerussi Spring, White Plains, N.Y. (Peter Riggs of counsel), for third-party defendant-respondent.
Before: GABRIEL M. KRAUSMAN, J.P., ANITA R. FLORIO, DANIEL F. LUCIANO, ROBERT W. SCHMIDT, JJ.
DECISION ORDER
ORDERED that the order is reversed, with costs, the motion is denied, and the third-party complaint and the cross claim insofar as asserted against Lull Industries, Inc., are reinstated.
The third-party defendant Lull Industries, Inc. (hereinafter Lull), moved for summary judgment, but the Supreme Court dismissed the third-party complaint and the cross claim insofar as asserted against it on the ground that they failed to state a cause of action. The pleadings were facially adequate (see, CPLR 3026; Guggenheimer v. Ginzburg, 43 N.Y.2d 268, 275). The court, moreover, failed to consider evidentiary material in addition to the pleadings, as it must do on a motion for summary judgment (see, CPLR 3212). "When evidentiary material is considered, the criterion is whether the proponent of the pleading has a cause of action, not whether he has stated one, and, unless it has been shown that a material fact as claimed by the pleader to be one is not a fact at all and unless it can be said that no significant dispute exists regarding it, again dismissal should not eventuate" (Guggenheimer v. Ginzburg, supra, at 275).
Had the court considered Lull's summary judgment motion on the merits, it should have denied that relief. As a general rule, a corporation is not liable for injuries caused by defective products manufactured by its predecessor (see, Schumacher v. Richards Shear Co., 59 N.Y.2d 239). There are, however, exceptions to this rule. A corporation may have successor liability if: (1) the successor corporation expressly or impliedly assumed the predecessor's tort liability, (2) there was a consolidation or merger of seller and purchaser, (3) the purchasing corporation was a mere continuation of the selling corporation, or (4) the transaction was entered into fraudulently to escape such obligations (see, Schumacher v. Richards Shear Co., supra, at 245). The evidence established that one or more of these exceptions may apply here (see, Rothstein v. Tennessee Gas Pipeline Co., 259 A.D.2d 54; Hart v. Bruno Mach. Corp., 250 A.D.2d 58; Sweatland v. Park Corp., 181 A.D.2d 243).