Summary
holding that phone calls and emails to offices in New York concerning the out of state shopping centers at issue were not enough to submit the out of state defendants to personal jurisdiction
Summary of this case from Bank United v. Okapi Taxi Inc.Opinion
2011-12-27
DANIEL B. KATZ & ASSOCIATES CORP., etc., appellant, v. MIDLAND RUSHMORE, LLC, et al., respondents.
Feder Kaszovitz, LLP, New York, N.Y. (Murray L. Skala and David Sack of counsel), for appellant. Halperin Battaglia Raicht, LLP, New York, N.Y. (Neal W. Cohen and Frost Brown Todd LLC [Neil Desai], of counsel), for respondents.
Feder Kaszovitz, LLP, New York, N.Y. (Murray L. Skala and David Sack of counsel), for appellant. Halperin Battaglia Raicht, LLP, New York, N.Y. (Neal W. Cohen and Frost Brown Todd LLC [Neil Desai], of counsel), for respondents.
MARK C. DILLON, J.P., ANITA R. FLORIO, CHERYL E. CHAMBERS, and ROBERT J. MILLER, JJ.
In an action, inter alia, to recover damages for breach of contract, tortious interference with contractual relations, and tortious interference with business relationships, the plaintiff appeals from an order of the Supreme Court, Rockland County (Kelly, J.), dated September 24, 2010, which granted the defendants' motion pursuant to CPLR 3211(a)(8) to dismiss the complaint for lack of personal jurisdiction.
ORDERED that the order is affirmed, with costs.
The plaintiff, Daniel B. Katz & Associates Corp., doing business as Katz & Associates, is a real estate broker licensed in New York and other states which conducts a national brokerage and marketing business. The complaint alleged that the defendants Midland Rushmore, LLC, and Midland Burnsville, LLC, were Ohio corporations with their principal places of business in South Dakota and Ohio, respectively, and that the individual defendant, John Silverman, was a resident of Ohio.
The plaintiff commenced this action to recover fees allegedly earned in connection with the procurement of tenants for shopping centers located in Minnesota and South Dakota. The plaintiff also alleged, among other things, that the individual defendant tortiously interfered with the plaintiff's contract, existing business relationships, and prospective business relationships when it made false statements in connection with one of these projects.
The defendants moved pursuant to CPLR 3211(a)(8) to dismiss the complaint for lack of personal jurisdiction. The plaintiff opposed the motion, submitting evidence that the defendants made phone calls and sent e-mails to its offices in Illinois and New York concerning the shopping centers at issue. The plaintiff also asserted that it had represented the defendants at an industry trade show in New York. The Supreme Court granted the defendants' motion. We affirm.
“While the ultimate burden of proof rests with the party asserting jurisdiction ..., the plaintiff[ ], in opposition to a motion to dismiss pursuant to CPLR 3211(a)(8), need only make a prima facie showing that the defendant[s] w[ere] subject to the personal jurisdiction of the Supreme Court” ( Cornely v. Dynamic HVAC Supply, LLC, 44 A.D.3d 986, 986, 845 N.Y.S.2d 797 [citation omitted]; see Lang v. Wycoff Hgts. Med. Ctr., 55 A.D.3d 793, 794, 866 N.Y.S.2d 313; Alden Personnel, Inc. v. David, 38 A.D.3d 697, 698, 833 N.Y.S.2d 136). When opposing a motion to dismiss a complaint pursuant to CPLR 3211(a)(8) on the ground that discovery on the issue of personal jurisdiction is necessary, plaintiffs need not make a prima facie showing of jurisdiction, but instead “need only demonstrate that facts ‘may exist’ to exercise personal jurisdiction over the defendant” ( Ying Jun Chen v. Lei Shi, 19 A.D.3d 407, 407–408, 796 N.Y.S.2d 126, quoting CPLR 3211[d]; see Peterson v. Spartan Indus., 33 N.Y.2d 463, 467, 354 N.Y.S.2d 905, 310 N.E.2d 513). If “it appear[s] from affidavits submitted in opposition to [the] motion ... that facts essential to justify opposition may exist but cannot then be stated,” a court may, in the exercise of its discretion, postpone resolution of the issue of personal jurisdiction (CPLR 3211[d]; see Peterson v. Spartan Indus., 33 N.Y.2d at 467, 354 N.Y.S.2d 905, 310 N.E.2d 513; Ying Jun Chen v. Lei Shi, 19 A.D.3d at 407–408, 796 N.Y.S.2d 126).
Here, the Supreme Court properly granted the defendants' motion pursuant to CPLR 3211(a)(8) to dismiss the complaint for lack of personal jurisdiction. “Jurisdiction under CPLR 301 may be acquired over a foreign corporation [or other business entity] only if that corporation [or entity] does business here ‘not occasionally or casually, but with a fair measure of permanence and continuity’ so as to warrant a finding of its ‘presence’ in this jurisdiction” ( Sedig v. Okemo Mtn., 204 A.D.2d 709, 710, 612 N.Y.S.2d 643 [some internal quotation marks omitted], quoting Apicella v. Valley Forge Military Academy & Jr. Coll., 103 A.D.2d 151, 154, 478 N.Y.S.2d 663; see Landoil Resources Corp. v. Alexander & Alexander Servs., 77 N.Y.2d 28, 34, 563 N.Y.S.2d 739, 565 N.E.2d 488; Tauza v. Susquehanna Coal Co., 220 N.Y. 259, 267, 115 N.E. 915). Moreover, “[a]n individual cannot be subject to jurisdiction under CPLR 301 unless he is doing business in New York as an individual rather than on behalf of a corporation” ( Brinkmann v. Adrian Carriers, Inc., 29 A.D.3d 615, 617, 815 N.Y.S.2d 196; see Laufer v. Ostrow, 55 N.Y.2d 305, 313, 449 N.Y.S.2d 456, 434 N.E.2d 692). Contrary to the plaintiff's contention, the defendants were not doing business in New York ( see Miller v. Surf Props., 4 N.Y.2d 475, 480, 176 N.Y.S.2d 318, 151 N.E.2d 874; Arroyo v. Mountain School, 68 A.D.3d 603, 603, 892 N.Y.S.2d 74; Sedig v. Okemo Mtn., 204 A.D.2d at 710, 612 N.Y.S.2d 643; Muollo v. Crestwood Vil., Inc., 155 A.D.2d 420, 420, 547 N.Y.S.2d 87; Apicella v. Valley Forge Military Academy & Jr. Coll., 103 A.D.2d at 154, 478 N.Y.S.2d 663).
Under CPLR 302(a)(1), “a court may exercise personal jurisdiction over any non-domiciliary ... who in person or through an agent ... transacts any business within the state or contracts anywhere to supply goods or services in the state” ( id.). “CPLR 302(a) is a ‘single act statute [and] ... proof of one transaction in New York is sufficient to invoke jurisdiction, even though the defendant never enters New York, so long as the defendant's activities here were purposeful and there is a substantial relationship between the transaction and the claim asserted’ ” ( Kimco Exch. Place Corp. v. Thomas Benz, Inc., 34 A.D.3d 433, 434, 824 N.Y.S.2d 353, quoting Deutsche Bank Sec., Inc. v. Montana Bd. of Invs., 7 N.Y.3d 65, 71, 818 N.Y.S.2d 164, 850 N.E.2d 1140, cert. denied 549 U.S. 1095, 127 S.Ct. 832, 166 L.Ed.2d 665). “Purposeful activities are those with which a defendant, through volitional acts, ‘avails itself of the privilege of conducting activities within the forum State, thus invoking the benefits and protections of its laws' ” ( Fischbarg v. Doucet, 9 N.Y.3d 375, 380, 849 N.Y.S.2d 501, 880 N.E.2d 22, quoting McKee Elec. Co. v. Rauland–Borg Corp., 20 N.Y.2d 377, 382, 283 N.Y.S.2d 34, 229 N.E.2d 604).
Here, the defendants did not conduct sufficient purposeful activities in New York, which bore a substantial relationship to the subject matter of this action, so as to avail themselves of the benefits and protections of New York's laws ( see Executive Life Ltd. v. Silverman, 68 A.D.3d 715, 890 N.Y.S.2d 106; Kimco Exch. Place Corp. v. Thomas Benz, Inc., 34 A.D.3d at 434, 824 N.Y.S.2d 353; Milliken v. Holst, 205 A.D.2d 508, 509–510, 612 N.Y.S.2d 660; cf. Fischbarg v. Doucet, 9 N.Y.3d at 377, 849 N.Y.S.2d 501, 880 N.E.2d 22; Kaprall v. WE: Women's Entertainment, LLC, 74 A.D.3d 1151, 1153, 904 N.Y.S.2d 721; Transportation Ins. Co. v. Simplicity, Inc., 61 A.D.3d 963, 964, 879 N.Y.S.2d 479; Corporate Campaign v. Local 7837, United Paperworkers Intl. Union, 265 A.D.2d 274, 275–276, 697 N.Y.S.2d 37).
The Supreme Court also properly determined that personal jurisdiction over the individual defendant was not conferred pursuant to CPLR 302(a)(3), based upon alleged tortious activity occurring outside New York, causing injury within New York ( see Muse Collections, Inc. v. Carissima Bijoux, Inc., 86 A.D.3d 631, 631–632, 927 N.Y.S.2d 389, lv. denied 17 N.Y.3d 716, 2011 WL 5526461). Accordingly, the Supreme Court properly granted the defendants' motion pursuant to CPLR 3211(a)(8) to dismiss the complaint for lack of personal jurisdiction.