Opinion
No. 42134.
February 26, 1962.
1. Venue — right to be sued in county of defendant's residence, a valuable right.
Right of defendant to be sued in county of his residence is valuable right. Sec. 1433, Code 1942.
2. Venue — change of — right to, generally.
Whenever condition arises justifying it, venue of civil action should be changed on request of party entitled thereto, unless right has been waived. Sec. 1433, Code 1942.
3. Venue — change, where codefendant not a bona fide defendant.
Circuit Court of Marion County properly entered order sustaining application of Covington County defendants for change of venue to Covington County, where Circuit Court heard evidence and found that Marion County defendant was not bona fide defendant and dismissed case as to it. Sec. 1433, Code 1942.
4. Courts — power over its orders during term.
Ordinarily, Court has power over order entered by it so long as term at which order was entered has not expired.
5. Venue — courts — changing and altering orders for change of venue — Court may, in its discretion, for sufficient cause.
Court may, in its discretion, either by consent of parties or for sufficient cause, vacate order granting or denying change of venue. Sec. 1433, Code 1942.
6. Venue — change of — abatement of change of venue order was without sufficient cause.
Circuit Court of Marion County, which had properly entered order sustaining application of Covington County defendants for change of venue to Covington County after dismissing case as to Marion County defendant, erred in abating change of venue order for 45 days to permit plaintiffs to find new Marion County defendant, and in permitting plaintiffs to file an amended declaration 43 days later naming new Marion County defendant. Sec. 1433, Code 1942.
Headnotes as approved by Jones, J.
APPEAL from the Circuit Court of Marion County; SEBE DALE, J.
Harris Sullivan, R.M. Sullivan, Hattiesburg, for appellant.
I. The Circuit Court of Marion County, Mississippi, erred in sustaining, by its order, filed July 1, 1960, at the June term, 1960, of the Circuit Court of Marion County, Mississippi, the motion of the plaintiffs (appellees here) to abate for a period of 45 days from the 30th day of June 1960, the order entered by the Court June 16, 1960, which order sustained the motion of V.O. Crosby, Bobby Joe Crosby, J.A. Crosby and Frank Hicks to transfer this case to Covington County, Mississippi, the county of their households and residences, and in transferring this cause to the Circuit Court of Covington County, Mississippi, and which order so sustaining the motion of the plaintiffs (appellees here) sought to hold in abeyance for 45 days the order transferring said cause to Covington County, Mississippi.
II. The Court erred in permitting the plaintiffs to file an amended declaration August 12, 1960, making Albert Peavy, a resident citizen of Marion County, Mississippi, a defendant in this cause after the Court had dismissed the only Marion County defendant in said suit, Marion County Co-Operative (AAL), upon its motion and had entered an order to that effect and after it had entered an order transferring the case to the Circuit Court of Covington County, Mississippi, on motion of V.O. Crosby, Bobby Joe Crosby, J.A. Crosby and Frank Hicks.
III. The Court erred in granting Instruction Number 4 for the plaintiffs (appellees) at the May 1961 term of the Court, which instruction ordered the jury to find for the plaintiffs as against the defendants, Joe Crosby, V.O. Crosby, Frank Hicks and J.A. Crosby, after the Court had changed the venue of the case to Covington County, Mississippi, and dismissed the Marion County Co-Operative (AAL).
IV. The Court erred in permitting the jury to consider the case against V.O. Crosby, Bobby Joe Crosby, J.A. Crosby and Frank Hicks at all at the May 1961 term of the Court.
V. The Court erred in entering judgment in the case against V.O. Crosby, Bobby Joe Crosby, J.A. Crosby and Frank Hicks.
Collation of authorities: Cook v. Wright, 177 Miss. 644, 171 So. 686; Forman v. Mississippi Publishing Corp., 195 Miss. 90, 14 So.2d 344, 148 A.L.R. 469; Hinton Walker v. Pearson, 142 Miss. 50, 107 So. 275; Howard v. Ware, 192 Miss. 36, 3 So.2d 830, 140 A.L.R. 1284; Long v. Patterson, 198 Miss. 554, 22 So.2d 490; McDonald v. Hall-Neely Lbr. Co., 165 Miss. 143, 147 So. 315; Texas Co. v. Jackson, 174 Miss. 737, 165 So. 546; Trolio v. Nichols, 165 Miss. 615, 133 So. 270; Wade v. Traxler Gravel Co., 232 Miss. 592, 100 So.2d 103; Secs. 1433, 1441, 1474, Code 1942.
Sebe Dale, Jr., Columbus; Satterfield, Shell, Williams Buford, Jackson, for appellees.
I. The Circuit Court of Marion County had jurisdiction of the case and full power to vacate the order permitting transfer and allowing an amendment to the declaration, and this power and this jurisdiction were properly exercised. Ex parte Morrow, 259 Ala. 250, 66 So.2d 130; Gillette Motor Transport Co., Inc. v. Wichita Falls S.R. Co. (Texas), 170 S.W.2d 629; Moore v. Montgomery Ward Co., Inc., 171 Miss. 420, 156 So. 875; Mutual Health Benefit Assn. v. Cranford, 173 Miss. 152, 156 So. 876; Perryman v. Gardner, 42 Miss. 548; Prentiss Lbr. Co. v. Sibley, 130 Miss. 26, 93 So. 440; Seth v. Chamberlaine, 41 Md. 186; State ex rel Rogers v. Grey, 113 La. 671, 37 So. 597; State ex rel Williams v. Grey, 109 La. 127, 33 So. 108; Watson v. State, 177 Ark. 708, 7 S.W.2d 980, 59 A.L.R. 356; Secs. 1474, 1942, Code 1942; 30 Am. Jur., Judgments, Sec. 632; 56 Am. Jur., Venue, Secs. 78, 80; 49 C.J.S., Judgments, Sec. 300; 92 C.J.S., Venue, Secs. 199, 200.
Mrs. John L. Robertson, widow, jointly with her children, filed suit in the Circuit Court of Marion County to recover damages for the alleged wrongful death of her husband, John L. Robertson. The defendants were V.O. Crosby, Bobbie Joe Crosby, J.A. Crosby, Frank Hicks and the Marion County Co-operative (AAL). The declaration charged that all of the defendants except the Co-operative were resident citizens of Covington County, Mississippi.
In due course, the Covington County defendants filed answer denying their liability. The Marion County Co-operative filed a separate demurrer, which was overruled.
The Covington County defendants filed an application for change of venue to the Circuit Court of Covington County, alleging that the resident defendant was fraudulently joined for the purpose of laying venue in Marion County. There was a hearing on the application for change of venue, whereupon the Co-operative filed a motion to dismiss the suit as to it.
On June 16, 1960, the circuit judge, after having heard evidence on the motion for change of venue, entered an order dismissing the suit as to the defendant, Marion County Co-operative. On the same day, an order was entered reciting that the court had heard the application for change of venue and that having heard the application and testimony thereon finds that the said Co-operative was not a necessary, proper or bona fide defendant, and sustained the application of the Covington County defendants to transfer said cause to Covington County.
Sometime thereafter a motion was filed by the plaintiffs, the date of filing not being shown, asking that the order transferring the cause be abated for a period of 45 days, alleging that they had learned since the date of said order that there was another or additional party who should be charged and named as a defendant, and that said party was a resident citizen of Marion County. The motion sought to have said change of venue order abated for 45 days and for permission to amend the declaration by adding this unnamed party as a defendant to the suit. The motion did not give the name of the party, did not state how he was involved, or what facts created his liability, and was unsworn. On June 30, an order was entered, apparently without notice to the defendants and without any evidence, sustaining the motion to abate the change of venue order for a period of 45 days, and granting plaintiffs the right to amend within 45 days. Sometime thereafter, (it being alleged in the briefs but not shown by the record that it was 43 days afterwards) an amended declaration was filed naming one Albert Peavy of Marion County as a joint defendant. Thereafter, the Covington County defendants made no further appearance in the case. At a later time the case was tried on the merits and the Covington County defendants not appearing, a peremptory instruction was given against them. The jury found for the resident defendant and returned a verdict of $30,000 against the Covington County defendants, the appellants here.
Section 1433, Code of 1942, provides in the last sentence thereof: "If a citizen resident in this state shall be sued in any action, not local, out of the county of his household and residence, . . . . the venue shall be changed, on his application, before the jury is empanelled, to the county of his household and residence, . . . . . ."
(Hn 1) The right to be sued in the county of the defendants' residence is a valuable right. Trolio v. Nichols, 160 Miss. 611, 133 So. 207.
(Hn 2) Whenever the condition arises justifying it, the venue of a civil action should be changed on the request of the party entitled thereto, unless the right has been waived. Howard v. Ware, 192 Miss. 36, 3 So.2d 830.
(Hn 3) When the court heard the evidence and found that the Marion County Co-operative (AAL) was not a bona fide defendant and dismissed the case as to it, the residence of the other defendants being admitted in the declaration and they having made proper application for a change of venue, the court very properly entered an order sustaining the application for the change of venue.
(Hn 4) Ordinarily, of course, the court has power over the orders entered by it so long as the term at which the order was entered has not expired. However, here we have parties to a suit who were manifestly entitled to a change of venue and had been granted an order which protected and extended to them this valuable right provided by law. (Hn 5) As to changing and altering orders for a change of venue, the rule as stated in 92 C.J.S., Sec. 200, page 968, is as follows:
"The court may, in its discretion, either by consent of the parties or for sufficient cause, vacate, set aside, or annul its order granting or denying a change of venue or plea of privilege, and may reinstate the case for trial."
Any action by the court should be supported by a sufficient cause. It is pretty drastic action to require a defendant to remain in a court from which he is entitled to be transferred for a period of 45 days while the plaintiff seeks a local resident who might be joined as a defendant. This action deprives the defendant of the right given to him by the statute, recognized by this Court as a valuable right, and is directly opposed to the statute.
(Hn 6) The unsworn motion, and even if it were sworn, the facts recited were not sufficient cause for abating the order and requiring the defendants sued out of their county of residence to remain in the court where sued for a period of 45 days.
The case is reversed and remanded with directions to transfer the cause to the Circuit Court of Covington County.
Reversed and remanded with directions.
Lee, P.J., and Arrington, McElroy and Rogers, JJ., concur.