Summary
upholding the constitutionality of court rules prohibiting broadcasting, telecasting, and photographing of judicial proceedings when faced with a First Amendment challenge
Summary of this case from Shavlik v. Superior CourtOpinion
No. 88-3074.
Argued June 17, 1988.
Decided July 20, 1988.
Stephen W. Gard, argued, Robert S. Catz, Cleveland, Ohio, for intervenor applicants-appellants.
Stephen H. Jigger, argued, Bernard A. Smith, Office of the U.S. Dept. of Justice, Strike Force, Cleveland, Ohio, for U.S.
John Climaco, Cleveland, Ohio, Paul S. Lefkowitz, Roger Synenberg, for Jackie Presser.
Paul J. Cambria, Jr., Lipsitz, Green, Fahringer, Roll, Schuller James, Buffalo, N.Y., for Harold Friedman.
Michael L. Climaco, argued, Thomas Wilson, Cleveland, Ohio, for Anthony Hughes.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio.
Before LIVELY and JONES, Circuit Judges; and PECK, Senior Circuit Judge.
This is an appeal by professional broadcast journalists from an order of the district court denying their motion as intervenors in the criminal prosecution of Jackie Presser and others for permission to telecast, broadcast and photograph the trial which is scheduled to begin in July 1988. This court granted an expedited appeal, and oral arguments were presented to the panel on Friday June 17, 1988.
The district court denied the motion in reliance on Rule 53 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure and Rule 11.01 of the local rules of the district court. The intervenors-appellants argued in the district court and in this court that the two rules, which absolutely prohibit the broadcasting, telecasting and photographing of judicial proceedings, violate the First Amendment. The question is whether this prohibition impermissibly infringes on the right of access to judicial proceedings guaranteed by the First Amendment. See Richmond Newspapers, Inc. v. Virginia, 448 U.S. 555, 100 S.Ct. 2814, 65 L.Ed.2d 973 (1980).
As counsel for the appellants conceded at oral argument, the rules do not deny professional broadcast journalists and photographers access to the court room where the trial will be conducted. What appellants argue is that the rules place restrictions on that right of access which do not satisfy the requirement that such regulations be reasonable as to time, place and manner.
The very issue presented in this appeal has been decided by at least three federal circuit courts of appeals, and in each instance the constitutionality of Rule 53 has been upheld. See United States v. Hastings, 695 F.2d 1278 (11th Cir.), cert. denied sub nom. Post-Newsweek Stations, Florida, Inc. v. United States, 461 U.S. 931, 103 S.Ct. 2094, 77 L.Ed.2d 303 (1983); United States v. Kerley, 753 F.2d 617 (7th Cir. 1985); United States v. Edwards, 785 F.2d 1293 (5th Cir. 1986). We agree with these rulings. In a different context, this court recently dealt with the right of access in United States v. Beckham, 789 F.2d 401, 406 (6th Cir. 1986) (media's right of access consists of "a right to be present" and the "rights to speak and to publish concerning what takes place at a trial," quoting Richmond Newspapers, 448 U.S. at 576-78, 100 S.Ct. at 2827-28).
Since the local rule contains the same absolute prohibition as Rule 53, we need not discuss it separately.
The fact that the Supreme Court held in Chandler v. Florida, 449 U.S. 560, 101 S.Ct. 802, 66 L.Ed.2d 740 (1981), that the Constitution does not require a prohibition against broadcasting, telecasting and photographing criminal trials is a far cry from holding that the Constitution does require that these activities be permitted during judicial proceedings.
The judgment of the district court is affirmed.