Opinion
Argued October 8, 1981
December 23, 1981.
Unemployment compensation — Voluntary termination — Failure to exercise bumping privilege.
1. An employe who fails to exercise contractually guaranteed bumping privileges and thus accepts a layoff is properly found to have engaged in conduct necessarily leading to his termination and to have voluntarily terminated his employment without cause of a necessitous and compelling nature precluding his, receipt of unemployment compensation benefits. [381]
Argued October 8, 1981, before Judges MENCER, WILLIAMS, JR. and PALLADINO, sitting as a panel of three.
Appeal, No. 2287 C.D. 1979, from the Order of the Unemployment Compensation Board of Review in case of In Re: Claim of Harrison S. Comstock, No. B-176537.
Application with the Office of Employment Security for unemployment compensation benefits. Application denied. Applicant appealed. Benefits awarded by referee. Employer appealed to the Unemployment Compensation Board of Review. Benefits denied. Applicant appealed to the Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania. Held: Affirmed.
Frank J. Lucchino, Grogan, Graffam, McGinley, Solomon Lucchino, with him Joseph M. Coyle, for petitioner.
Charles G. Hasson, Associate Counsel, with him Richard L. Cole, Chief Counsel, for respondent.
Harrison Comstock (claimant) appeals here from a decision and order of the Unemployment Compensation Board of Review (Board) which held that claimant had terminated his employment without cause of a necessitous and compelling nature, and was thus disqualified from receiving benefits by Section 402(b)(1) of the Unemployment Compensation Law (Law), Act of December 5, 1936, P.L. (1937) 2897, Second Ex. Sess., as amended, 43 P. S. § 802(b)(1).
Act of December 5, 1936, Second Ex. Sess., P.L. (1937) 2897, as amended, 43 P. S. § 802(b)(1), which states in pertinent part:
An employe shall be ineligible for compensation for any week —
. . . .
(b)(1) In which his unemployment is due to voluntarily leaving work without cause of a necessitous and compelling nature. . . .
Pursuant to the Act of July 10, 1980, P.L. 521, Section "402 (b)(1)" is now Section "402(b)" of the Law, 43 P. S. § 802(b).
The facts in this case are not in dispute. On March 23, 1979, claimant, because of a lack of work, was laid off from his job as an internal welder for A.C.F. Industries (A.C.F.), a position he held for approximately twelve years. At the time of the layoff, claimant was covered by the terms of a collective bargaining agreement between A.C.F. and the United Steel Workers of America which provided, inter alia, that all laid off employees had the right to "bump" less senior employees in equivalent or lesser job classifications if the laid off employee was qualified to fill the position in question. Although A.C.F. informed claimant on March 27, 1979, that he had to exercise this right, claimant failed to pursue the matter, and accordingly remained unemployed.
Before this Court, the only issue raised by claimant is whether the Board erred as a matter of law by concluding that his failure to exercise his contractual "bumping" privilege amounted to a voluntary termination of employment. Since we believe that the Board committed no such error, we will affirm.
"The issue of whether one has voluntarily left work is one of law; the resolution of that question is dependent upon the underlying facts as found by the board." Roberts v. Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, 61 Pa. Commw. 21, 24, 432 A.2d 646, 648 (1981).
In deciding whether an employee's termination is "voluntary" or not, we have stated that " 'when an employee engages in conduct which necessarily leads to the termination of his employment, the . . . [agency] . . . is clearly justified in characterizing such termination as voluntary.' " Fisher v. Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, 38 Pa. Commw. 518, 522, 393 A.2d 1304, 1306 (1978) (quoting Ernst v. Department of Public Welfare, 37 Pa. Commw. 643, 647, 391 A.2d 1116, 1118 (1978)); see also: Weaver v. Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, 60 Pa. Commw. 136, 430 A.2d 1214 (1981).
In the present case, the Board found, based on substantial evidence in the record, that claimant had an obligation to inquire whether there were any jobs which he could "bump" into, that claimant made no such inquiries, and that "claimant could have continued his employment had he exercised his bumping privileges. . . ." Furthermore, it is clear that claimant was fully aware that he had to take some affirmative action to preserve his employment since it is undisputed that he was informed by A.C.F. on March 27, 1979, that he had to exercise his "bumping" privilege.
These facts clearly show, in our view, that claimant, by failing to take any affirmative action to exercise his "bumping" privilege, clearly engaged in conduct which lead to the termination of his employment, and that he is therefore disqualified from receiving benefits by Section 402(b)(1) of the Law. Fisher; Weaver.
Accordingly, we enter the following
ORDER
AND NOW, December 23, 1981, the Decision and Order of the Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, Decision No. B-176537, dated October 10, 1979, is affirmed.