Opinion
No. 1999-KA-00670-SCT.
August 23, 2001.
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED: WARREN COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT, TRIAL JUDGE: HON. ISADORE W. PATRICK, JR., DATE OF JUDGMENT: 10/20/1997
DISPOSITION: AFFIRMED
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: W. RICHARD JOHNSON
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE: OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL BY: DEWITT T. ALLRED, III
DISTRICT ATTORNEY: G. GILMORE MARTIN
BEFORE BANKS, P.J., SMITH AND WALLER, JJ.
¶ 1. In May 1995, Prentiss Coleman, III was indicted in the Circuit Court of Warren County for the capital murder of Melanie Straughter. The indictment charged that on or about December 18, 1994, Coleman did break and enter the dwelling house of Angela Tillman in the night with an ax with the intent to commit the crime of murder. The case was tried to a jury on October 13-17, 1997, in Warren County Circuit Court. Instructions were given for capital murder and murder. On October 17, 1997, the jury returned a verdict of "guilty of capitol [sic] murder." Following the sentencing hearing, the jury was given instructions for the penalties of death and life imprisonment without parole. The jurors, however, were unable to agree upon a sentencing verdict. Therefore, the court sentenced Coleman to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole. Coleman's Motion for Judgment Notwithstanding the Verdict or Alternatively a New Trial was denied. Thereafter, this appeal was taken.
FACTS
¶ 2. Melanie Straughter ("Melanie"), the victim, had known Prentiss Coleman III ("Coleman"), the defendant, for about two years. Coleman moved into Melanie's apartment at 105 Athens Avenue in Vicksburg, Mississippi, and cohabitated with Melanie and her two young children. In November of 1994, Melanie attempted to break off the relationship. Thereafter, Coleman moved his things out of Melanie's house.
¶ 3. After Melanie broke off the relationship, Coleman refused to let go of her. There were several instances of assault and abuse by Coleman, and Melanie filed several citizen complaint reports against Coleman. On December 9, 1994, ten days before Melanie's death, Coleman was found guilty of two counts of simple assault, malicious mischief, and trespassing.
¶ 4. According to Melanie's mother, during this time, Melanie was "scared, very scared" and "was in constant fear." Her mother and her work supervisor, Sidra Burns, stated that Melanie was afraid to do anything alone due to her fear of Coleman. She stayed with family members or had Sidra Burns stay with her. She was afraid to drive to work by herself or to even leave work for lunch. Sidra Burns's testimony indicates the extent of Melanie's fear of her former boyfriend:
I could see the expressions on her [Melanie's] face whenever his [Coleman's] name was mentioned or sometimes in the latter part of November when she actually became afraid of him and screeched when he came around.
[H]e would come in late hours in the evening and sit at her desk, and I could actually see her body trembling from the back side of the office . . . And I knew that something was wrong when I entered the office and Prentiss would be there. And she would be shaking and I would then make an excuse to pull her out of the office to get her out.
She filed, she went to the police station and filed charges whenever he would be around and she would be frightened. Usually I would be with her or perhaps one of her other friends. But she would-on instanced [sic] where she would be coming to work in the mornings and he would be following her to work . . . I went with her every afternoon home to feed the dog because she was afraid to go home by herself . . . I went home with her in the evenings; went through her house with her to make sure that he was not anywhere around . . .
It was so frequent and continuous . . . his stalking her, following her . . . His, just constant appearing in places, always behind her, always around, lurking, and her fear of him.
¶ 5. Charles Jones, the maintenance supervisor of the subdivision where Melanie lived, also knew that Melanie and Coleman were involved in a volatile relationship. In early December 1994, she asked him about changing the locks in her house. Also, she asked him to follow her when she drove from work to pick up her children and go home. About a week before she was murdered, Melanie bought a .25 automatic pistol, and Jones showed her how to operate it. After Jones showed Melanie how to handle the pistol and left her house, he decided to drive back by her house to check on her safety. As he neared her house, he heard "a lot of screaming" and called the police on his car phone. According to Jones, "the door had been ripped open and Mr. Coleman was standing there with a piece of door casing in his hand where the door had been kicked in." After this incident, Melanie called Jones on other occasions when she became fearful of Coleman.
¶ 6. The State's witnesses describe the series of events that occurred on Sunday, December 18, 1994, as follows. On that afternoon, Melanie acted and sang in a church play. Her mother, children, and Coleman were in the audience. Melanie's mother testified that after the play, Melanie took her children to dinner.
¶ 7. Angela Tillman, Melanie's next-door neighbor of two years, had seen Prentiss Coleman lurking about Melanie's home earlier in the day on December 18. She called Randy Nailor, a detective for the Vicksburg Police Department. Detective Nailor told Angela to watch for Melanie to come home and to call him back if Melanie did not want to enter her house alone, and he would send somebody to escort her in the house.
¶ 8. Later that night, Angela looked out her window and saw Melanie's car with the driver's door open and the parking lights on. Angela asked Trey Dudley, Angela's cousin who lived with her, to go over to Melanie's house with her. Before they could leave their front porch, Trey heard Coleman scream, "Bitch, I'm going to kill you" and saw Melanie start running. He also heard a gunshot, but did not know from whence it came. Melanie ran towards Angela Tillman's house and yelled, "please help me, please help me. Call 911." Angela turned around and ran into the house to call the police.
¶ 9. Angela and Melanie ran into a back bedroom. Meanwhile, Trey was fastening and locking the door when Coleman "kicked it in." With an ax in his hand, Coleman stood over Trey and angrily demanded to know where Melanie was. Angela ran to the closet, trying to hide. According to Angela, Coleman then knocked the door down on top of Melanie and had the ax in his hand. Coleman pulled Melanie by the hair in the hallway and "started hitting her and chopping her all in the face and her neck." Angela then jumped out of the window to get some help.
¶ 10. Angela's portrayal of the events on the night of December 18, 1994, was corroborated by other members of her household. Trey Dudley saw Coleman drag Melanie by her hair out into the hall and raise the ax. He turned to run, but as he was going out the door he "heard the licks." Melanie was still screaming after the first blow, but after the second one, Trey did not hear anything. James Tillman, Angela's brother, saw Coleman with the ax, heard screaming, and heard "one, like one chop." Carrie Tillman, who also lived with Angela, was in the kitchen when Coleman came into the house. She came out of the kitchen and saw Coleman pull Melanie out of the bedroom by her hair and begin "hitting on her, cut her face and neck." When he stopped hitting Melanie with the ax, he stood over her and said, "I had to do it Melany. I had to do it."
¶ 11. Vicksburg police officer Daniel Watts was told by Detective Nailor that Coleman was a suspect. He and Officer Dan King went to Coleman's' house. Officer Watts found Coleman, his mother, his brother, and several other family members at the house. Watts arrested Coleman. As Watts was putting on the handcuffs, Coleman said, "She done me wrong." Officer King transported Coleman to jail, and Officer Watts remained at the residence and interviewed Coleman's brother, Michael Butler. Butler told him that Coleman said that she had done him wrong, handed him an ax, and he dropped it to the ground. Butler showed him the ax, and Watts seized it for evidence.
¶ 12. On Wednesday, December 14, 1994, four days before the Melanie was killed, Coleman asked Detective Nailor to watch while he removed his belongings from Melanie's house. Nailor observed Coleman load and move two truckloads of belongings from the house. Specifically, Nailor saw Coleman remove the ax from the kitchen and walk to the front of the house with it. Coleman's purpose that day was to remove his belongings from Melanie's house, and Coleman identified the ax as his. Nailor identified the ax found at the crime scene as the one he saw Coleman take from Melanie's house on December 14.
¶ 13. Coleman's version of the story differed from that of the State. According to Coleman, he and Melanie accidentally met at the bank after the play, and she promised to pick him up dinner and meet with him. When Coleman arrived at Melanie's house, the two children were directed to bed while the adults talked. According to Coleman, Melanie became bitter and pulled a gun from her coat. Melanie backed Coleman at gun point out of the house. In his testimony, Coleman stated that Melanie shot at him, but missed. He has no recollection of the events that transpired after Melanie fired the gun.
¶ 14. Coleman admits he should "take the blame" for Melanie's death. However, in his testimony, he stated that he did not know where the ax came from that killed Melanie. He testified that it was usually kept under the sink at Melanie's house. Coleman said that he did not have it with him when he came to the house and did not know how it got there. The coroner, L.W. Calloway, testified that there were a number of chop wounds to Melanie's face, lower jaw, and neck. Additionally, her right index finger had been traumatically amputated, and she had two very deep wounds in the brain area of the skull. The cause of death, according to Calloway, was severe head trauma due to or as a consequence of chop wounds to the head and neck.
¶ 15. The following issues are before this Court:
I. WHETHER THE NOTICE OF APPEAL WAS TIMELY FILED AFTER THE GRANT OF AN OUT-OF-TIME APPEAL?
II. WHETHER THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN GIVING INSTRUCTION S-2A?
III. WHETHER THE TRIAL COURT CORRECTLY REFUSED TO GIVE A "HEAT OF PASSION MANSLAUGHTER INSTRUCTION"?
ANALYSIS I.
¶ 16. On March 31, 1998, the circuit court appointed new counsel to prosecute Coleman's appeal, and on December 10, 1998, the court granted, sua sponte , an out-of-time appeal. The trial court did not specify a deadline for the notice of appeal. Coleman filed a notice of appeal on March 30, 1999, almost four months after the grant of the out-of-time appeal.
¶ 17. We reject the State's argument that we do not have jurisdiction to consider Coleman's appeal because it was not timely filed. Miss. R. App. P. 4, in relevant part, provides that:
(a) Appeal and Cross-Appeals in Civil and Criminal Cases . . . the notice of appeal required by Rule 3 shall be filed with the clerk of the trial court within 30 day after the date of entry of the judgement or order appealed from. . . .
(g) Extensions . . . The trial court may extend the time for filing a notice of appeal upon motion filed not later than 30 days after the expiration of the time otherwise prescribed by this rule. Any such motion which is filed before expiration of the prescribed time may be granted for good cause and may be ex parte unless the court otherwise requires. Notice of any such motion which is filed after expiration of the prescribed time shall be given to other parties, and the motion shall be granted only upon a showing of excusable neglect. No such extension shall exceed 30 days past such prescribed time or 10 days from the date of entry of the order granting the motion, whichever occurs later .
(emphasis added). As the statute so indicates, pursuant to Miss. R. App. P. 4, a notice of appeal must be filed within 30 days after the date of entry of the judgment or order appealed. This Court has no authority to extend the time for filing an appeal. See Miss. R.App. P. 4 26 (b) (providing that the Supreme Court will not enlarge the time for filing notice of appeal). It is only trial court judges that may grant an extension, and their discretionary decisions are limited by Rule 4(g). In re Estate of Ware , 573 So.2d 773, 774 (Miss. 1990).
¶ 18. In the case at bar, the trial court granted an out-of-time appeal. There is no question that Coleman perfected this appeal through an imperfect process, four months after the grant of the out-of-time appeal. However, the trial court failed to specify a deadline for filing the notice of appeal. Therefore, because this case involves important issues of public policy and some of the delay was likely caused by the failure to specify a filing deadline, we exercise our authority to suspend the rules in criminal cases and consider the matter on the merits. Miss. R. App. P. 2(c). See also Keyes v. State , 708 So.2d 540, 541 (Miss. 1998) (holding that issues of public policy warrant suspending the rules pursuant to Miss. R. App. P. 2(c)).
II.
¶ 19. Coleman alleges that the trial court erred in granting instruction S-2A because it was confusing and an incorrect statement of the law. Jury instructions "[a]re to be taken collectively rather than be given individual consideration. So long as all the instructions read together adequately and properly instruct the jury on the issues, an individual instruction given to the jury will not constitute reversible error." Detroit Marine Eng'g v. McRee , 510 So.2d 462, 467-68 (Miss. 1987). Under Heidel v. State , 587 So.2d 835 (Miss. 1991), a court may refuse an instruction which incorrectly states the law, is covered fairly elsewhere in the instructions, or is without foundation in the evidence. Id . at 842.
¶ 20. Instruction S-1 instructed the jury that in order to convict the defendant of capital murder it would have to find from the evidence in this case beyond a reasonable doubt that Coleman (1) did willfully, feloniously, and with or without deliberate design, kill Melanie Straughter, a human being; (2) without authority of law; (3) when engaged in the crime of burglary of an occupied dwelling at night while armed with a deadly weapon. Instruction S-2A provided, in pertinent part:
The Court instructs the Jury that the crime of capital murder is the killing of a human being while engaged in the commission of the crime of burglary of an occupied dwelling at night while armed with a deadly weapon. In order to find the Defendant guilty of capital murder as defined in instruction S-1 , you must find from the evidence in this case beyond a reasonable doubt that:
1. Prentiss R. Coleman, III, on or about December 18, 1994, in Warren County, Mississippi,
2. did break and enter at night
3. the dwelling house of Angela Tillman and others located at 107 Athens Avenue,
4. which was occupied at that time by Angela Tillman and others, and
5. Prentiss R. Coleman, III, was armed with an ax,
6. which is a deadly weapon, and
7. entered with the intent to commit the crime of murder.
(emphasis added).
¶ 21. Instruction S-1 informed the jury that in order to convict Coleman of capital murder it would have to find from the evidence that Coleman killed Melanie while engaged in the crime of burglary. The language in the instruction tracked the requirement of the felony capital murder statute. See Miss. Code Ann. § 97-3-19 (2000). Instruction S-2A supplemented S-1 by instructing the jury as to the elements of the predicate crime of burglary. See Miss. Code Ann. § 97-17-23 (2000). It specifically referred the jury back to S-1 for the definition of capital murder. Contrary to Coleman's allegations, instruction S-2 was not another definition of capital murder; rather, it was a definition of burglary. Instruction S-1 states that burglary must be found from the evidence, and instruction S-2A sets out the elements of the offense of burglary.
¶ 22. Although S-2A could have been worded more clearly to indicate it was instruction of the elements necessary to constitute burglary, this Court finds that such an error is harmless and does not constitute reversal. "An instructional error will not warrant reversal if the jury was fairly and fully instructed by other instructions." Collins v. State , 594 So.2d 29, 35 (Miss. 1992) (citing Laney v. State , 486 So.2d 1242, 1246 (Miss. 1986)). Coleman has not shown that the jury was not fully instructed as to all of the elements of felony capital murder and as to all the elements of the underlying felony. Indeed, the elements of capital murder and burglary are fully set out. Therefore, the jury was properly informed, this issue is without merit.
III.
¶ 23. Coleman's primary defense in this case is heat-of-passion manslaughter. Although he never denied that he killed Melanie, he alleges that he was unable to remember all the details of the offense due to his lack of memory. Coleman contends that he was acting in responsive rage to the aggression of the victim as she attempted to shoot him. The trial court first announced that a manslaughter heat-of-passion instruction would be given, but later refused such instructions after deciding that the facts of the case did not warrant the giving of such an instruction. Coleman argues that the refusal of his requested manslaughter instructions, D-8 and D-9, constitutes reversible error.
¶ 24. Because Coleman killed Melanie during the commission of a burglary, he was not entitled to a manslaughter instruction. Miss. Code Ann. § 97-3-27 (2000) provides:
The killing of a human being without malice, by the act, procurement, or culpable negligence of another, while such other is engaged in the perpetration of any felony except those felonies enumerated in Section 97-3-19(2)(e) and (f), or while such other is attempting to commit any felony besides such as are above enumerated and excepted, shall be manslaughter.
(emphasis added). Burglary is one of the felonies listed in Miss. Code Ann. § 97-3-19(2)(e) that is excepted by the manslaughter statute. In a case similar to the one at bar, this Court held that a defendant who killed a victim during the commission of rape and armed robbery was not entitled to manslaughter instruction. Blue v. State , 674 So.2d 1184, 1201 (Miss. 1996), overruled on other grounds, King v. State , 784 So.2d 884 (Miss. 2001). The Court reasoned that like burglary, rape and robbery are also felonies excepted by the manslaughter statute. 674 So.2d at 1201.
¶ 25. Coleman was charged with a felony excepted by the manslaughter statute, burglary of Angela Tillman's home. Moreover, the evidence at trial was clear that Coleman committed burglary. Coleman admitted in his statement at the police station that he broke down the front door of Angela Tillman's home. Trey Dudley testified that he heard Coleman yell out at Melanie in the yard, "Bitch, I'm going to kill you." Melanie ran inside the home screaming "please help me, call 911." He also testified that he closed and locked the door of the house, and Coleman kicked in the door. Coleman entered brandishing an ax demanding to know Melanie's location in the house. Coleman knocked a door down on Melanie, dragged her by the hair and started chopping her in the face and neck. When the trial court judge refused the manslaughter instructions, he reasoned, "the facts are uncontradicted, even by Mr. Coleman, himself, that there was a breaking and entering of 107 Athens Drive." Clearly, Coleman broke into the house and entered with the intent to kill Melanie.
¶ 26. In sum, the trial court did not commit reversible error by refusing the manslaughter instructions. This Court has previously held that if the killing was committed during the commission of one of the enumerated felonies in Miss. Code Ann. § 97-3-12(2)(e), one of which is burglary, capital murder is proven and the defendant is not entitled to a manslaughter instruction. Blue , 674 So.2d at 1201. The evidence is clear. Melanie Straughter was murdered during the commission of a burglary of Angela Tillman's home.
CONCLUSION
¶ 27. For these reasons, the trial court did not err in granting Instruction S2A and refusing Coleman's requested manslaughter instructions. Therefore, the judgment of the Warren County Circuit Court is affirmed.
¶ 28. CONVICTION OF CAPITAL MURDER AND SENTENCE OF LIFE IMPRISONMENT WITHOUT PAROLE IN THE CUSTODY OF THE MISSISSIPPI DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS AFFIRMED.
PITTMAN, C.J., MILLS, WALLER, COBB, DIAZ AND EASLEY, JJ., CONCUR. McRAE, P.J., CONCURS IN RESULT ONLY. BANKS, P.J., CONCURS IN PART AND IN THE RESULT WITH SEPARATE WRITTEN OPINION JOINED BY McRAE, P.J.
¶ 29. I concur in the result reached by the majority and in all of the majority's opinion except for its discussion of the manslaughter instruction. I write separately to express my disagreement with the treatment of the manslaughter instruction issue. In order to avoid recognizing error, the majority wrongly equates breaking and entering with burglary and engages in fact-finding which in our system is left to a jury.
¶ 30. The jury was instructed to find Coleman guilty of capital murder if it found that he broke and entered "with the intent to commit the crime of murder." The crime of burglary requires not only a breaking and entering but the intent to commit a crime in the place entered. Thames v. State , 221 Miss. 573, 577, 73 So.2d 134, 136 (1954). Coleman denied having such an intent. Only by engaging in impermissible fact-finding can this Court reject that testimony. Unlike in Blue v. State , 674 So.2d 1184 (Miss. 1996), here there is evidence which would allow a rational jury to conclude that the underlying felony, burglary, did not occur. Once that determination is made, the jury would be left to determine whether the homicide was murder or manslaughter or legally justified as in the case of self-defense.
¶ 31. In my view, a more appropriate response to this assignment of error is that the jury was in fact given an instruction which allowed it to find Coleman guilty of murder in the event that it did not find that the crime was not committed during the course of a burglary. The jury found Coleman guilty of capital murder. In order to do that it was required to find Coleman guilty of burglary. Thus, the manslaughter instruction would never have come into play. Only if the jury had rejected burglary and found Coleman guilty of simple murder, could he legitimately complain of the failure to give the manslaughter instruction. See Walker v. State , 671 So.2d 581, 606-08 (Miss. 1995) (trial court did not deny due process rights of capital murder defendant by giving instruction that jury had first to acquit defendant on greater charge of capital murder before going on to consider whether defendant had committed lesser crime of murder). In that event, I would have agreed with Coleman, that on the evidence as presented here, he would have been entitled to a manslaughter instruction. Because that event did not occur, there is no error.
McRAE, P.J., JOINS THIS OPINION.