Opinion
Docket No. 92425.
Decided September 8, 1987.
Dykhouse Wise, P.C. (by Andrew S. Walker), for plaintiffs.
Wilson, Portnoy, Leader, Pidgeon Roth, P.C. (by Robert P. Roth), for Rapco-Foam, Inc.
Before: D.F. WALSH, P.J., and SHEPHERD and DOCTOROFF, JJ.
Plaintiffs sued several defendants on July 1, 1985, including defendant Rapco-Foam, Inc., alleging personal injury and property damage from the manufacture and use of urea formaldehyde foam insulation. At the time, Rapco was involved in Chapter 7 bankruptcy proceedings. Ralph C. McCullough II was appointed bankruptcy trustee on June 25, 1982. Since at least that time, Rapco has ceased to do business and has appointed no officers or directors.
Plaintiffs made substantial but unsuccessful attempts to locate Rapco's former officers and directors. Rapco had not occupied its last known address in New York City for more than four years as of September, 1986. McCullough's only relationship with Rapco has been as bankruptcy trustee. He is in possession of all of Rapco's books and official papers, however. Plaintiffs served McCullough by registered mail on September 6, 1985. The Michigan Corporations and Securities Bureau was also served by mail at the same time. The law firm for which McCullough was "of counsel" forwarded the summons and complaint to Fireman's Insurance Company of Newark on September 12, 1985. The law firm of Wilson, Portnoy, Leader, Pigeon Roth, P.C., filed a "notice of retention" on October 10, 1985, indicating that it had been retained to represent Rapco's interest in this matter.
Rapco moved to quash service of process on February 5, 1986. The trial court granted the motion and dismissed the action against Rapco without prejudice in an order entered April 18, 1986. We reverse.
MCR 2.105(D) provides for service of process upon corporations:
(D) Private Corporations, Domestic and Foreign. Service of process on a domestic or foreign corporation may be made by
(1) serving a summons and a copy of the complaint on an officer or the resident agent;
(2) serving a summons and a copy of the complaint on a director, trustee, or person in charge of an office or business establishment of the corporation and sending a summons and a copy of the complaint by registered mail, addressed to the principal office of the corporation;
(3) serving a summons and a copy of the complaint on the last presiding officer, president, cashier, secretary, or treasurer of a corporation that has ceased to do business by failing to keep up its organization by the appointment of officers or otherwise, or whose term of existence has expired;
(4) sending a summons and a copy of the complaint by registered mail to the corporation or an appropriate corporation officer and to the Michigan Corporation and Securities Bureau if
(a) the corporation has failed to appoint and maintain a resident agent or to file a certificate of that appointment as required by law;
(b) the corporation has failed to keep up its organization by the appointment of officers or otherwise; or
(c) the corporation's term of existence has expired.
This Court has previously held with regard to nearly identical GCR 1963, 105.4 that service of process may be made by following any one of the four alternatives in the court rule. Clayton v Ann Arbor Motor Inn, Inc, 94 Mich. App. 370, 374; 288 N.W.2d 432 (1979), lv den 410 Mich. 886 (1981).
Rapco maintains that service on a defunct organization may be made only through subrule (3). This view is contradicted by the commentary in 1 Martin, Dean Webster, Michigan Court Rules Practice (3d ed), p 97, which recognizes that subrules (2) and (4) may also be used for serving corporations in bankruptcy. In fact, this Court held in Clayton, supra at 376, that the term "trustee" in subrule (2) includes a bankruptcy trustee, permitting service on the bankruptcy trustee as in this case. Rapco attempts to distinguish Clayton as involving a Chapter 11 reorganization rather than a Chapter 7 liquidation.
For purposes of receiving process, we are not convinced that this distinction is important as in both situations the trustee is involved in settling the corporation's financial affairs, which may include pending lawsuits in certain circumstances. In the case of a Chapter 7 liquidation proceeding, the corporation, its officers, and directors may have ceased to function and the trustee may be the only person still acting for the corporation. Such is alleged here.
It is not clear, however, despite service on the trustee, that plaintiffs complied with the remainder of subrule (2) by mailing a copy of the summons and complaint to Rapco's principal office. It is also not clear whether plaintiffs complied fully with subrule (4) by sending a copy of the summons and complaint "to the corporation or an appropriate corporate officer," unless we conclude that the trustee is effectively the corporation now that it has ceased to operate.
Despite these alleged defects in service of process, however, we believe the trial court erred in dismissing the case. A new provision in the 1985 court rules, MCR 2.105(J)(3), provides:
An action shall not be dismissed for improper service of process unless the service failed to inform the defendant of the action within the time provided in these rules for service.
This Court has held that service-of-process rules are intended to satisfy the due process requirement that a defendant be informed of the pendency of an action by the best means available, by methods reasonably calculated to give a defendant actual notice of the proceeding and an opportunity to be heard and to present objections or defenses. If the defendant actually receives a copy of the summons and complaint within the time permitted by the court rules, the defendant cannot have the action dismissed on the ground that the manner of service contravened the rules. Hill v Frawley, 155 Mich. App. 611, 613; 400 N.W.2d 328 (1986). MCR 2.105(J)(3) is not stated in discretionary terms. Neither errors in the content of the service nor in the manner of service are to result in dismissal unless the errors are so serious as to cause the process to fail in its fundamental purpose. See 1 Martin, Dean Webster, Michigan Court Rules Practice (3d ed), p 105.
While the exact nature of Rapco's current existence is somewhat unclear, it is clear in this case that Rapco is aware of the pending action. Service on the trustee is undisputed. At the hearing on the motion to quash, Robert Roth stated that he was appearing on behalf of Rapco, not an insurance company. Accordingly, the trial court erred in quashing service and dismissing Rapco when Rapco was fully aware of the pending action despite any errors in the manner of service.
Reversed and remanded for further proceedings.