Summary
In Buell, our latest pronouncement on this issue, we determined that "[t]o the extent that [Section] 514 of the School Code of 1949 is in conflict with Article VI, [Section 7] of the Constitution, the former is invalid."
Summary of this case from Knox v. Bd. of School Dir. of SusquenitaOpinion
March 20, 1959.
May 8, 1959.
Constitutional law — Constitution of Pennsylvania — Article VI, § 4 — Appointed officers — Removal at pleasure — Public schools — School districts — Treasurer — Secretary — Board of School Directors — Power of removal — School Code of 1949.
1. The treasurer of a school district is an "appointed officer" within the meaning of the Pennsylvania Constitution Article VI, § 4 (which provides "Appointed officers . . . may be removed at the pleasure of the power by which they shall have been appointed"); and as such may be dismissed by the board of school directors without any hearing or stated cause. [569-70]
2. The secretary of a school district is an "appointed officer" within the meaning of the Pennsylvania Constitution Article VI, § 4 (which provides "Appointed officers . . . may be removed at the pleasure of the power by which they shall have been appointed"); and as such may be dismissed by the board of school directors without any hearing or stated cause. [570, 571]
3. To the extent that § 514 of the School Code of 1949, P. L. 30 (which provides the manner in which a board of school directors may remove any of its officers) is in conflict with Article VI, § 4 of the Constitution, the former is invalid. [571]
Mr. Chief Justice JONES concurred in the result.
Before JONES, C. J., BELL, MUSMANNO, JONES, COHEN, BOK and McBRIDE, JJ.
Appeals, Nos. 31 and 33, March T., 1959, from order of Court of Common Pleas of Washington County, Feb. T., 1958, No. 548, in case of William H. Buell et al. v. Union Township School District. Order affirmed.
Assumpsit on case stated.
Defendant's preliminary objections in the nature of a demurrer sustained and order entered dismissing complaint, opinion by CARSON, P. J. Plaintiffs appealed.
Davis G. Yohe, with him Peacock, Keller Yohe, for appellants.
Austin J. Murphy, Jr., for appellee.
Are the secretary and treasurer, or either, of a third class school district subject to removal from office at the pleasure and discretion of the board of school directors, the appointing power?
On May 7, 1957 Harold R. Philips was elected school district treasurer for a 1 year term; on June 4, 1957 William H. Buell was elected school district secretary for a 4 year term. Both individuals were elected by the Union Township board of school directors, said Township being located in Washington County.
By virtue of the Act of March 10, 1949, P. L. 30, art. IV. § 404, as amended by the Act of August 9, 1955, P. L. 320, § 1, 24 P. S. § 4-404.
On December 2, 1957 Buell and Philips were dismissed by the board of school directors without any hearing or stated cause. Buell and Philips each sued the school district in assumpsit for an alleged wrongful discharge from employment and claimed their respective salaries for the balance of the unexpired terms for which they had been elected. Preliminary objections in the nature of a demurrer filed by the school district were sustained by the Court of Common Pleas of Washington County and from its order these appeals were taken.
The respective contentions of the parties are clear. Appellants contend that the exclusive method for the removal of school district officers, such as a secretary and treasurer, is provided by art. V, § 514 of the School Code of 1949, which states "The board of school directors in any school district, except as herein otherwise provided, shall after due notice, giving the reasons therefor, and after hearing if demanded, have the right at any time to remove any of its officers . . . for incompetency, intemperance, neglect of duty, violation of any of the school laws of this Commonwealth, or other improper conduct." On the other hand, appellee justifies appellants' summary removal on the basis of art. VI, § 4 of the Pennsylvania Constitution, which provides "Appointed officers, other than judges of the courts of record and the Superintendent of Public Instruction, may be removed at the pleasure of the power by which they shall have been appointed."
Act of March 10, 1949, P. L. 30, art. V, § 514, 24 P. S. § 5-514.
Neither Buell nor Philips were elected by popular vote; the source of their selection was the board of school directors and while the selection of appellants is termed an election under the statute, actually it was an appointment. Both appointees were selected at a fixed salary for a fixed term.
The present problem lacks novelty. That a treasurer or collector of public monies, including a treasurer of a school district, is a "public officer" as distinguished from an "employee" is clear: Commonwealth v. Evans, 74 Pa. 124, 139; Commonwealth v. Morrisey, 86 Pa. 416; Houseman et al. v. Commonwealth ex rel. Tener, 100 Pa. 222; Commonwealth v. Sulzner, 198 Pa. 502, 48 A. 476; Muir v. Madden, 286 Pa. 233, 133 A. 226; Commonwealth ex rel. v. Hiltner, 307 Pa. 343, 161 A. 323. If not expressly, at least impliedly, the status of a secretary of a municipality and a school board as a "public officer" has been recognized: Commonwealth ex rel. v. Likeley, 267 Pa. 310, 110 A. 167; Teachers' Tenure Act Cases, 329 Pa. 213, 230, 197 A. 344; Howell v. Keeler, 5 Pa. D. C. 90. Both a school district treasurer and secretary being "public officers", are such officers "appointed officers" under art. VI, § 4 of the Constitution?
As to the status of a school district treasurer we have expressly held that a school district treasurer is removable at the pleasure of the appointive power under art. VI, § 4 of the Constitution. In Commonwealth v. Sulzner, 198 Pa. 502, supra, we affirmed per curiam a ruling that the treasurer of a school district was removable at the pleasure of the board of school directors under the Constitutional provision. Subsequent thereto, the legislature on May 18, 1911 provided a method for the removal of school district officers identical in its language with Section 514 of the present School Code of 1949. Subsequent thereto, this Court was again presented with the problem of the removability of a school board treasurer and in Muir v. Madden, 286 Pa. 233, supra, we affirmed per curiam a ruling of a lower court that a school district treasurer was removable at the pleasure of the board of school directors. In the Muir case it was stated (pp. 235, 236): "Though section 406 is new legislation, in that no provision like it appears in prior statutes, yet, . . . long before their mention in the Act of 1911, school treasurers were in the class of appointed officers recognized by the organic law of the State; so it cannot be doubted that article VI, section 4, of the Constitution, making such officers removable only at the pleasure of the appointing power, applies to them, and the law as ruled in the Sulzner Case controls: . . ." In Commonwealth ex rel. v. Hiltner, 307 Pa. 343, supra, we held that a borough treasurer could be removed at the pleasure of the body which appointed him, recognizing that the language of art. VI, § 4, was so clear and unequivocal as to render inconsistent any claim that such an officer could be removed only for cause.
Decided prior to the Act of May 18, 1911, P. L. 309, §§ 406, 407, the first legislative provision providing a method of removal of school district officers.
See note 3, supra.
As to the status of a school district secretary, while we have not passed directly on such status it is equally clear that a school district secretary is removable at the pleasure of the body which appointed him. In Commonwealth ex rel. v. Likeley, 267 Pa. 310, supra, we held that a borough clerk — possessing municipal duties almost identical with those of a school board secretary — was an appointed officer removable at the pleasure of the power which appointed him. Dictum in Teachers' Tenure Act Cases, 329 Pa. 213, 230, supra, affords the same status to a school board secretary. See also: Howell v. Keeler, 5 Pa. D. C. 90.
To the extent that Art. V, § 514 of the School Code of 1949 is in conflict with Art. VI, § 4 of the Constitution, the former is invalid.
No compelling reason has been advanced to justify a change of position by this Court or to predicate our adoption of a new policy which would require that we overrule these several decisions of this Court. Moreover, as a practical matter, it seems better to allow the discretion of removability at pleasure of these appointed school officials to rest upon the board of school directors. The secretary and treasurer of a school board must not only work for the board of school directors, but with it.
Order affirmed. Costs on appellants.
Mr. Chief Justice JONES concurs in the result.