Opinion
Argued May 5, 1982
July 27, 1982.
Mandamus — Appeal — Pa. R.C.P. Nos. 1038 and 1099 — Exceptions — Judgment.
1. Under Pa. R.C.P. No. 1099, a mandamus action tried by a judge without a jury is controlled by Pa. R.C.P. No. 1038, governing nonjury trials of assumpsit actions, and under the latter rule no appeal lies from a decision of the trial judge unless exceptions are filed with the court and disposed of by the court en banc. [14]
2. An appeal from a decision of a trial judge sitting without a jury in a mandamus action must be quashed when no exceptions were filed below and no judgment entered. [15]
Argued May 5, 1982, before President Judge CRUMLISH and Judges WILLIAMS, JR. and MacPHAIL, sitting as a panel of three.
Appeal, No. 1230 C.D. 1981, from the Order of the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County in case of Simmons Park Properties, Inc. v. Bethel Park Municipal Council, Municipality of Bethel Park; James M. Martin, Municipal Manager; Norman Walker, Code Enforcement Officer; and John E. Kanon, Planning Director, No. GD 79-15304.
Complaint in mandamus in the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County to compel issuance of building permit. Permits ordered issued. PAPADAKOS, J. Defendants appealed to the Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania. Held: Appeal quashed. Application for reargument filed and denied.
Victor R. Delle Donne, for appellants.
Richard L. Rosenzweig, Rosenzweig, Rosenzweig Burton, for appellee.
Appellants have brought this appeal from an order of the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County granting mandamus relief to Simmons Park Properties, Inc. (Appellee). The trial court's order requires that Appellants issue building permits which had been requested by Appellee.
Bethel Park Municipal Council, James M. Martin (Manager), Norman Walker (Code Enforcement Officer) and James Kanon (Planning Director).
Appellee is the owner of a tract of land in Bethel Park comprising approximately 31 acres. The property is located in an R-T zone which allows townhouse development. Appellee has completed the construction of townhouses on a portion of its property and filed the instant mandamus complaint on June 8, 1979 to compel the issuance of additional building permits to allow further development. Appellee plans to construct a total of 254 units on its tract. A zoning officer denied Appellee's application for the building permits on the ground that the tract was approved for development in five sequential phases and that the building permits requested related to the final phase. Since only "phase 1" had been completed, the zoning officer reasoned that permits for "phase 5" could not yet be issued. After a nonjury trial was held on the complaint, the trial judge concluded that the approved site plan was not conditioned on the development of the phases in a certain sequence and granted the mandamus relief requested.
At oral argument before this Court, Appellee moved to have the instant appeal quashed on the grounds that Appellants failed to file exceptions to the trial court's order pursuant to Pa. R.C.P. No. 1038 and failed to have the order reduced to judgment prior to their appeal as required by Pa. R.A.P. 301(c). We conclude that the motion to quash should be granted.
The trial court's order in this case was entered on May 5, 1981. The record discloses that Appellants filed no exceptions to the order and final judgment was never entered on the docket of the court of common pleas. Appellants filed their notice of appeal with this Court on May 26, 1981.
The law is now clear that a mandamus appeal must be quashed when no exceptions to the trial judge's decision are filed and final judgment is not entered prior to appeal. Pa. R.C.P. No. 1099 provides that when, as here, a mandamus action is tried by a judge sitting without a jury, the trial must be conducted in accordance with Pa. R.C.P. No. 1038 which governs nonjury trials of assumpsit actions. Pa. R.C.P. No. 1038(d) provides, in pertinent part, as follows:
Within ten (10) days after notice of the filing of the decision, exceptions may be filed by any party to the decision or any part thereof, to rulings on objections to evidence or to any other matters occurring during the trial. . . . Matters not covered by exceptions are deemed waived unless, prior to final judgment, leave is granted to file exceptions raising these matters.
Thus, no appeal will lie from the decision of a trial judge sitting without a jury unless exceptions are filed with the trial court and a disposition is rendered thereon by the court en banc. Ravenell v. Harrisburg Housing Authority, 29 Pa. Commw. 167, 370 A.2d 761 (1977). The Ravenell case also involved an appeal from an order granting mandamus relief to which no exceptions had been filed and no final judgment had been entered. We noted there that appellate review of the trial judge's decision is impossible since our review on appeal is limited to a determination of whether the trial court erred in disposing of the exceptions presented to it. See also National Development Corp. v. Township of Harrison, 64 Pa. Commw. 54, 438 A.2d 1053 (1982). Of course, even had the Appellants filed exceptions, this appeal would nevertheless be premature because final judgment has not been entered as required by Pa. R.A.P. 301.
We, accordingly, conclude that the instant appeal must be quashed.
We note that Appellee argues in its brief that the Appellants' appeal is interlocutory and that the matter should be remanded because the trial judge has not yet held a hearing on the damages portion of Appellee's request for relief. Damages clearly may be awarded in a mandamus action when they are incidental to the mandamus relief sought. Pittsburgh Schools v. City of Pittsburgh, 23 Pa. Commw. 405, 352 A.2d 223 (1976). While Appellee did request damages in its complaint, no proof of damages was offered at trial and we have found no indication in the record that the trial judge granted a bifurcation of the trial. Moreover, there is nothing in the trial judge's opinion or order which preserves the issue of damages for further hearing. We think, therefore, that Appellee's argument on this point is without merit.
ORDER
It is ordered that the appeal of Bethel Park Municipal Council, et al. be quashed.