Opinion
66864, 67197.
DECIDED NOVEMBER 21, 1983.
Drug violation. Fulton Superior Court. Before Judge McKenzie.
Henry Lee Barnes, pro se (case no. 66864).
Christine A. Van Dross, for appellant (case no. 67197).
Lewis R. Slaton, District Attorney, Joseph J. Drolet, H. Allen Moye, Howard Goldstein, Assistant District Attorneys, for appellee.
Henry Lee Barnes and Jack Upshaw were convicted of delivering cocaine in violation of the Controlled Substances Act. Barnes filed a pro se appeal, contending in effect that the evidence was insufficient to support the jury's verdict. He was subsequently appointed an appellate counsel, who filed a separate appeal, enumerating as error the admission of testimony as to the street value of the substance.
The cocaine was recovered from under the driver's seat of a green Cadillac which Barnes had borrowed earlier the same day from a female with whom he lived. Two undercover detectives, who testified that they had negotiated the purchase with Upshaw previously that day, testified that when they met Upshaw at a service station to take delivery, Barnes was present and that when one of the officers expressed concern over him, Upshaw referred to Barnes as "my man, he's cool." When the officers made their move to arrest Upshaw, Barnes was observed walking quickly from the service station to a restaurant across the street, where he was arrested. Held:
1. The trial court properly instructed the jury on all relevant issues, including parties to a crime. See OCGA §§ 16-2-20, 16-2-21 (Code Ann. §§ 26-801, 26-802). The trial court also instructed the jury that mere presence at the scene of a crime and knowledge of the commission of a crime are not in and of themselves sufficient to establish guilt. See Parker v. State, 155 Ga. App. 617 (2) ( 271 S.E.2d 871) (1980). We find that there was sufficient circumstantial evidence upon which a rational trier of fact could find Barnes guilty beyond reasonable doubt of being a party to the crime of delivering cocaine. See generally Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307 (99 SC 2781, 61 L.Ed.2d 560) (1979); Crawford v. State, 245 Ga. 89 ( 263 S.E.2d 131) (1980).
2. According to the undercover detectives, the agreed purchase price was $28,000 for a pound of cocaine. A forensic chemist employed by the State Crime Laboratory testified that the cocaine seized weighed 416 grams, or about 14.6 ounces, and that it was 79 percent pure. He further testified over objection by Upshaw that the substance normally would be diluted until the content was between 5 and 10 percent pure and, based on a purchase price of $120 per gram, arrived at a total street value of $798,720. Barnes raised no objection to this testimony at trial but now contends that it should have been excluded on the ground that its prejudicial effect substantially outweighed any probative value.
It is well established that appellate courts may not consider objections to evidence not raised at trial. See Marable v. State, 247 Ga. 509 (1) ( 277 S.E.2d 52) (1981); Chester v. State, 162 Ga. App. 10 (4) ( 290 S.E.2d 117) (1982). "If several parties are entitled to make an objection, and it is made by any number less than all, it does not inure to the advantage of the party or parties not joining in it." 4 CJS 769, Appeal Error, § 251. Thus, where a defendant does not expressly adopt the objection of a co-defendant, he thereby waives that objection and may not utilize it to gain review. See State v. Carriker, 238 S.E.2d 678 (2) (S.C. 1977); Johnson v. State, 348 So.2d 646 (1) (Fla. 3d DCA 1977). In the instant case Barnes waived any objection by failing to adopt the objection of Upshaw. However, even had the issue been properly preserved for appeal, the enumeration of error would be without merit, for the evidence was relevant and admissible to show criminal intent and state of mind. See Chester v. State, supra; Williams v. State, 129 Ga. App. 103 (3) ( 198 S.E.2d 683) (1973). The testimony was also admissible as evidence of the circumstances and conditions surrounding the investigation and arrest. See generally Stephens v. State, 157 Ga. App. 414 (2) ( 278 S.E.2d 70) (1981); Hamilton v. State, 162 Ga. App. 116 (3) ( 290 S.E.2d 478) (1982).
Judgment affirmed. Deen, P. J., and Carley, J., concur.