Summary
In Aldalali, the plaintiff argued that since his insurance contract with the defendant was not exclusively a fire insurance policy, and the events which led to the alleged breach of the policy were unrelated to fire, the twelve-month statutory limitation was not applicable. The Michigan Court of Appeals rejected this argument, reasoning that "fire insurance contracts may include riders or endorsements which are subject to the standard policy provisions, including the twelve-month limitation period."
Summary of this case from No Limit Clothing, Inc. v. Allstate Insurance CompanyOpinion
Docket No. 100240.
Decided January 18, 1989.
Lawrence D. Hochman, for plaintiff.
Denenberg, Tuffley, Bocan, Jamieson, Black, Hopkins Ewald, P.C. (by John E. Curley), for defendant.
Defendant appeals by leave granted from an order of the trial court denying its motion for reconsideration of an earlier ruling that there was an issue of fact whether plaintiff's suit filed against defendant for loss of earnings coverage on an insurance policy was filed in a timely manner. We reverse.
On June 16, 1982, defendant issued an insurance policy to plaintiff. The insurance was a single policy which consisted of fire and extended coverage supplemented with standard loss of earnings coverage. The policy provided insurance to plaintiff for loss of earnings arising out of damage to real or personal property caused by, among other things, riot or civil commotion, including pillage or looting occurring during and at the immediate place of a riot or civil commotion, and vandalism or malicious mischief caused by pilferage, theft, burglary or larceny. The policy further provided that suit on the policy for recovery of any claim had to be filed within twelve months of the date of the loss.
On October 30, 1982, one of plaintiff's employees shot and killed an individual. Because the homicide resulted in a great deal of publicity, threats to plaintiff's life and looting of the business premises, plaintiff was forced to close his store. On November 30, 1982, plaintiff claimed all benefits provided to him under the insurance policy and, on February 10, 1983, defendant denied the claim.
On June 6, 1986, plaintiff filed suit against defendant for breach of the insurance policy. Defendant answered and, as an affirmative defense, asserted that plaintiff's claims were barred under the policy because he failed to file suit within twelve months from the date of his loss. Plaintiff replied that neither the policy's limitation provision nor the twelve-month statutory limitation period provided by MCL 500.2832; MSA 24.12832 were applicable because defendant's policy was not exclusively a fire insurance policy.
Defendant then moved for summary disposition pursuant to MCR 2.116(C)(7), contending that plaintiff's claims were not timely filed as required by the policy's limitation provision. At the ensuing hearing, plaintiff contended that a factual dispute existed whether his claim for the loss of earnings was time barred because the twelve-month limitation provision was ambiguous.
The trial court denied defendant's motion finding that "[t]he ambiguity would be simply whether or not the twelve-month period would apply to the type of loss . . . here . . . I think it's a factual question."
Defendant's sole claim on appeal is that the trial court erred in failing to grant its motion for summary disposition. We agree.
Absent any statute to the contrary, the general rule followed by most courts has been to uphold provisions in private contracts limiting the time within which to bring suit where the limitation is reasonable, even though the period specified is less than that prescribed by an otherwise applicable statute of limitations. Camelot Excavating Co, Inc v St. Paul Fire Marine Ins Co, 410 Mich. 118, 126; 301 N.W.2d 275 (1981).
Defendant's policy issued to plaintiff provided:
No suit or action on this policy for the recovery of any claim shall be sustainable in any court of law or equity unless all the requirements of this policy shall have been complied with, and unless commenced within twelve months next after inception of the loss.
Our Supreme Court in The Tom Thomas Organization, Inc v Reliance Ins Co, 396 Mich. 588, 592; 242 N.W.2d 396 (1976), stated that a twelve-month limitation on suits represents a reasonable balance between the insurer's interest in prompt commencement of an action and the insured's need for adequate time to bring an action.
An insured must strictly comply with time periods set out in an insurance policy for filing notice of a claim and proof of loss. Monti v League Life Ins Co, 151 Mich. App. 789, 799; 391 N.W.2d 490 (1986). The limitation period is, however, tolled from the date that the insured gives notice of the loss until liability is formally denied by the insurance company. Tom Thomas, supra, p 597.
In this case, plaintiff sought recovery for loss of earnings arising out of events which occurred in October, 1982. Defendant denied plaintiff's claim on February 10, 1983. However, plaintiff did not file suit until June 6, 1986, approximately three years and three months later. This was clearly beyond the twelve-month time limitation as provided in the insurance contract.
With respect to plaintiff's contention that the limitation period applies only to fire insurance coverage because the limitation clause is included in the standard fire insurance policy, we note that fire insurance contracts may include riders or endorsements which are subject to the standard policy provisions, including the twelve-month limitation period. See MCL 500.2820 and 500.2824; MSA 24.12820 and 24.12824.
Defendant issued a single policy to plaintiff. The cover note declared that the insurance effected by it, which included the standard loss of earnings policy, was subject to all of the terms and conditions of any policy issued and delivered to the insured. Therefore, plaintiff was required to comply with the twelve-month time limitation and the lower court erred in denying defendant's motion for summary disposition.
Reversed.